Dogberry
an absurd night-constable in Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing . Dogberry is ignorant, self-satisfied, and over-bearing, but talkative and good natured. See Much Ado About Nothing Hound. Bloodhound. Pointer. Irish Setter. English Setter. Dogs Hound. Bloodhound. Pointer. Setters. Dogs
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Dogfish
the name given to any species of the genus Scylium, the type of the family Scylliidæ. Dogfish are like small sharks. They are, moreover, oviparous. Of the known species, which are about 11, the small-spotted dogfish, the large-spotted dogfish, and the blackmouthed dogfish are the best known . The egg cases are curious bodies, like purses. They are popularly known as mermaid's purses, sea purses, etc.
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Dogger Bank
an extensive sand bank of the German Ocean, celebrated for its codfishery. It begins about miles E. of Flamborough Head and extends E. N. E. to within 60 miles of Jutland, in some places attaining a breadth of about 60 miles, though it terminates merely in a point. Where shallowest the water over it is nine fathoms . Here on the night of Oct. 21 1904, the Russian Baltic fleet under Admiral Rozhdestvenski, en route for Japan, mistook Hull fishing boats for hostile ships and sank a trawler, causing the death of two men .
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Dogma
in the Septuagint and New Testament, signified a decree or precept; by classical Greek writers it is used in the sense of a philosophical tenet . Its general meaning is a principle or maxim laid down in the form of a positive assertion, and hence "the Dogmatic Method" is the method pursued in such a science as mathematics, which starts from axioms and postulates, and deduces everything from these by means of But where the fundamental proofs. principles are either unknown or much contested, the dogmatist is one who assumes certain principles without proof as the foundation of his system. The word dogma is especially used to signify the whole (or any one) of the doctrinal forms in which the religious experience of the Christian Church has from time to time authoritatively expressed itself, as distinguished from the opinions held by Church-teachers individually .
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Dogmatic
in ecclesiastical history, one belonging to one of the three orders of theologians before the Reformation . These orders were thus classed : (1) The Dogmatics, so called because they based their systems or dogmas on the authority of Scripture, and the judgment of the fathers. (2) The Mystics, who, in disparagement of Scripture, framed their opinions according to the dictates of spiritual intuition. ( 3) the Scholastics, who paid an almost sacred deference to the Aristotelian philosophy. The word was also applied to one of a sect of physicians founded by Hippocrates who based their rules of practice on general principles or conclusions deduced from theoretical influences. They were opposed to the Empirics and Methodists.
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Dogmatics
a systematic arrangement of the articles of Christian faith 1 (dogmas), or the branch of theology that deals with them. The first attempt to furnish a complete and coherent system of Christian dogmas was made by Origen in the 3d century.
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Dogtooth
in architecture, an ornament or molding used from late Norman to early decorated, in the form of a four-leaved flower, with the center projecting.
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Dogwatch
on shipboard, a name given to each of two watches of two hours each instead of four, adopted for the purpose of varying the hours of watches kept by each part of the crew during the 24 hours, otherwise the same watch would invariably fall to the same men. In order to obviate this the watches are arranged thus: 8 to 12 P. M. (a); 12 to 4 A. M. (b); 4 to 8 A. M. (a); 8 to 12 A. M. (6); 12 to 4 P. M. (a); 4 to 6 P. M. (b), dogwatch; 6 to 8 P. M. (a), dogwatch; 8 to 12 P. M. (b) and so on.
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Dohrn
ANTON (dōrn), a German zoölogist; born in Stettin, Dec. 29, 49; studied at Königsberg, Bonn, Jena, and Berlin, lectured for a time on zoölogy at Jena, and in 1870 founded the great zoological station at Naples. As an embryologist he devoted himself mainly to the development of insects and crustaceans; and besides reports, published works on the origin of the vertebrates. He died Sept. 29, 1909.
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Doit
a small copper coin current in Scotland during the reigns of the Stuarts. It was a Dutch coin, in value equal to the eighth of an English penny, or half a farthing.
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Dolabella
PUBLIUS CORNE- LIUS (dol-a-bel'lä), the son-in-law of Cicero, who took sides with Julius Cæsar in the civil served under him at Pharsalia, Thapsus, and Munda, and was made by him consul and governor of Syria. He was deprived of his government by Cassius, and revenged himself by putting to death Trebonius, governor of Asia Minor, and one of the assassins of the dictator. Declared an enemy of the republic for this act, he took refuge in Laodicea, where he was besieged by Cassius and compelled to commit suicide, 43 b. c.
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Dolbear
AMOS EMERSON, an American physicist and inventor; born in Norwich, Conn., Nov. 10, 1837; was a valuable contributor to science. Among his publications are: "The Art of Projecting" (1876); "The Speaking Telephone" (1877); "Sound and Its Phenomena," and "Matter, Ether, and Motion." He patented the magneto-electric telephone and the static telephone in 1879. He died in 1910.
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Dolci
CARLO or CARLINO (dol' che), a painter of the Florentine school; born in Florence in 1616. He received his first instruction in art from Jacopo Vignali, a pupil of Roselli. His works consist chiefly of madonnas and saints. The faces are full of a pleasing and tender softness, which, however, wever. is often carried so far as to rob them of all character. His works are numerous and his his "St. the Bread and as with the Head of ," in Dresden. He died 1st,' 686. DOLCINITES (from Dolcino, their founder), a Christian sect which arose in Piedmont in 1304, under the leadership of Dolcino, who was opposed to the papacy, and otherwise held tenets like those of the spiritual Franciscans and the Paterines of Lombardy. At the instance of the Inquisition troops were sent against them in 1307. After making a brave resistance Dolcino and a number of his followers were captured. ured. They were first tortured and then burned alive.
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