Dower
the estate for life which a widow acquires in a certain portion of her husband's real property after his death. Dower, by the common law, which in this matter is the general law in the United States, entitles the widow to a third part of all the lands and tenements of which the husband was seized in fee-simple, or fee-tail, at any time during the coverture; but the rule varies widely on many particulars in the different States. Tenancy in dower is where a widow takes a third of such lands and tenements as her husband died entitled to, for seizin is not here necessary, and in which her title to dower has not been previously barred. This mode of providing for a widow seems to have been unknown in the early part of the Saxon constitution of England, from which country our laws are derived; for, in the laws of King Edmund, the wife is directed to be supported wholly out of the personal estate. Afterward, as may be seen in gavelkind tenure, the widow became entitled to an estate in one-half of the lands, provided she remained chaste and unmarried; as is usual also in copyhold dowers, dowers, or freebench.
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Dowie
JOHN ALEXANDER, adventurer; born in Scotland. At one time a pastor in Australia, he afterward went to Chicago, Ill., and became a "healer," real-estate operator, newspaper proprietor, and manufacturer. He founded a lace-making industry near Waukegan, Ill.; the place was called "Zion" and his He announced folowers "Zionites." that he was the prophet Elijah returned to earth, and surrounded himself with armed guards under a pretense that his life was in danger. In October, 1903, Dowie and 3,500 of his followers journeyed to New York. The object was to gain recruits for the Dowie Church, and to induce New Yorkers to invest money in the Zion City The crusade was a failure. enterprises. ses. He died March 9, 1907.
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Dowlas
a kind of coarse linen, very commonly worn by the lower classes in the 16th century; also a strong calico made in imitation of the linen fabric. LOWNING STREET, a short street in Whitehall (named after Sir George Downing, Secretary to the Treasury ir 1667), ), London, England, where are the Colonial and Foreign Offices, with the official residence since 1735 of the First Lord of the Treasury. Here cabinet councils are held, hence the term is sometimes employed for the government in office.
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Downing, Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson (1815-1852), the first prominent landscape gardener of America. A native of New York . In 1841 his treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening appeared, a book of wide influence. In 1845 Fruits and Fruit Trees of North America was issued. He founded the Horticulturist at Albany in 1846. In 1851 he visited Europe. On his return he was employed to lay out the public grounds at Washington. On his way from Albany to New York City he lost his life in a steamboat race on the Hudson. Downing's influence is especially valuable on the side of simple, natural grounds. Indirectly he is said to have influenced Frederick Law Olmsted who planned Central Park of New York City.
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Downs
a term given to undulating grassy hills or uplands, specially applied to two ranges of undulating chalk hills in England, extending through Surrey, Kent, and Hampshire, known as the North and South Downs. The word is sometimes used as equivalent to dunes or sand-hills. important roadstead or shelter for shipping, off the S.
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Downs
THE, an E. coast of Kent, England, opposite Ramsgate and Deal, between North and South Foreland, and protected externally by the Goodwin Sands; a natural breakwater with 1 to 4 fathoms water, and often partly dry at low tide. This large natural harbor of refuge is 8 miles by 6, with an anchorage of 4 to 12 fathoms. It is resorted to temporarily by outward and homeward bound vessels and squadrons of ships of war, and is unsafe only in S. winds. It is defended by Deal, Dover, and Sandown Castles.
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Doyen
CHARLES A., an American soldier; born in New Hampshire, in 1859. He graduated from the Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1883. He was appointed 2d lieutenant in the marine After serving in the Spanishcorps. American War he became fleet marine officer of the fleet. In 1904 he held a command in the Philippines and in the following year was appointed commander of the first brigade of the marines in the islands. He was appointed colonel in 1909 and in 1915 was in command of the Marine Barracks in Washington, D. C. He was appointed brigadier-general in 1917 and for a time saw service in France. He was transferred to command the Marine Corps Training Camp at Quantico, Va., where he died in 1918. He commanded the first regiment of marines sent to France in 1917. He was well-known as an expert in machine gunnery.
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Drachenfels
dra'ken-fels, or Dragon's Rock, a mountain on the Rhine. It is one of the range known as the Sieben Gebirge, or Seven Mountains. The stone used for Cologne Cathedral and for many other noted buildings was quarried here. The mountain rises abruptly from the river to a height of over 1,000 feet. The cave where the old dragon was wont to live is still pointed out to the traveler. The summit commands a magnificent prospect, including the university town of Bonn in the foreground, and Cologne with its cathedral spires farther down the valley. Byron saw all this with a poet's eye: The castled crag of Drachenfels Frowns o'er the wide and winding Rhine, Whose breast of waters broadly swells Between the banks which bear the vine; And hills all rich with blossom'd trees, And fields which promise corn and wine And scatter'd cities crowning these, Whose far white walls along them shine, Have strew'd a scene which I should see With double joy wert thou with me.
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Drachmann
HOLGER (dräch' man), a Danish poet, painter, and novelist; born in Copenhagen, Oct. 9, 1846. His works show a lively fancy and excel in descriptions of the life of the common people, especially fishermen and mariners. His "Poems" appeared in 1872. His novels include "Condemned," "Once Upon a Time," and "Sea Tales." His best known painting is "From Hamburg Harbor," which was presented by the Danes in Hamburg to the King and Queen of Denmark. Drachmann visited the United States in 1898. He died Jan. 13, 1908.
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