Drexel
ANTHONY JOSEPH, an American banker; born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1826. He became the head of the well-known firm of Drexel & Co., Philadelphia, having been identified with it from the age of 13. He was zealous in promoting science and art, especially music, and contributed largely to philanthropic and educational interests. The Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry Philadelphia, dedicated Dec. 18, 1891, was established by him. His name is associated with that of his friend, George W. Childs, in the inception of the Childs-Drexel Home for Union Printers, Colorado Springs, Col. He died in 1893.
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Drexel Institute
CONSULTING ENGINEER E. D. PIERSON
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Drexel Institute of Art
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY, an insti. tution founded in 1891 in Philadelphia, by Anthony J. Drexel. Its purpose is to instruct men in engineering; women in the domestic arts and science; and both men and women in clerical and secretarial work. The Institute includes the Engineering School, the School of Domestic Science and Art, and the Secretarial School. Special courses are also offered in chemistry, architecture, and English. In 1919 there were 499 students and 51 members of the faculty. President, Hollis Godfrey, Sc. D., F. R. G. S.
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Dreyfus
ALFRED, a French mili tary officer; born in Alsace in 1859. Ha entered the Polytechnic School in Paris in 1878 and four years later was made a lieutenant of artillery. In 1889 he became a captain. He was arrested in 1894 charged with selling military secrets to Germany and Italy. He was convicted and on Jan. 5, 1895, publicly degraded from his rank in the presence of 5,000 troops. His sentence included life imprisonment on the Isle du Diable, off the coast of French Guiana, where he was rigidly confined till 1899 when the French Senate voted for revision of the Dreyfus 14 ALFRED DREYFUS case. He was accordingly brought back to France, retried by court-martial and again convicted. The French Government granted him a pardon almost immediately. He published "Five Years of My Life" (1901). Dreyfus was restored to the army, and served during the World War.
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Dreyse
JOHANN NIKOLAUS VON (dri'ze), a German inventor; born in Sömmerda, near Erfurt, in Prussia, in 1787. He worked as a locksmith in Germany, and in a musket factory in Paris from 1809 to 1814. He then founded an ironware factory in Sömmerda, and began the manufacture of percussion-caps under a patent in 1824. In 1827 he invented a muzzle-loading, and in 1836 a breech-loading needle-gun, which was adopted in the Prussian army in 1840. In 1864 Dreyse was ennobled. He died Dec. 9, 1867.
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Drift
a word of several applications. 1. Architecture: The push, shoot, or horizontal thrust of an arch or vault on the abutments. 2. Geology: A loose aggregation or accumulation of transported transported matter matter, consisting of sand and clay, with a mixture of angular and rounded fragments of rock, some of large size having occasionally one or more of their sides flattened or smoothed, or even highly polished. The smoothed surfaces usually exhibit many scratches parallel to each other, one set often crossing an older one. The drift is generally unstratified, in which case it is called till. This may be in places 50 or even 100 feet thick. 3. Ordnance: A priming-iron to clean the vent of a piece of ordnance from burning particles after each discharge. 4. Machinery: A round piece of steel, made slightly tapering and used for en larging a hole in a metallic plate by be ing driven through it. The drift may have a cutting edge merely on its advance face, or it may have spirally cut grooves which give the sides of the drift a capacity for cutting.
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Drift Period
the period during which the drift described above was dewhy it should not have recurred time after posited. Though there is no reason time during bygone geological ages, yet the term "drift-period" as a measure of duration is limited to the time commencing during the Newer Pliocene or Pleistocene, and terminating with the Post Pliocene or Post Pleistocene, during which drift was deposited in the latitudes in which we find it now. That it is essentially a glacial phenomenon is apparent from the fact that while becoming more marked in its character on this side the equator, the farther N. one goes, it dies out about lat. 50° N. in Europe and 40° in North America. Hence it is often called Northern Drift. A corresponding development of it, however, exists in the S. hemisphere. This becomes more marked as one approaches the S. pole, and disappears, between 40° and 50° S. lat. Where it exists nearer the equator it is deposited around some giant mountain, the scratches and striations on the boulders and pebbles radiating from the mountain on every side. The drift is now universally attributed, as Agassiz long ago suggested, to the action of ice, the only controversy remaining being whether land ice or floating icebergs took the chief part in its distribution. Hence it is often called, as by Sir Charles Lyell, Glacial Drift.
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Drifting Tool
A tool for punching holes in mainsprings, etc. It consists of a frame to be held in the vise, through which a screw passes, and to the end of which a handle is attached. It is used but little in this country, as the mainspring punch has superceded it, being simpler and quicker to operate.
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Drill Chuck
A small chuck for holding drills, made to fit in tail-stock spindles or taper chucks. Fig. 76 illustrates the Gem Pivot Drill Chuck.
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Drill Rest
In using the lathe for drilling, a great saving in both time and drills can be effected by using a drill rest similar to that shown in Fig. 115. It is well to have a half dozen different sizes, starting at 1/4 inch and increasing by 1/8 inch, for various classes of work. These rests are not kept by material dealers, but can be made by the watchmaker. Saw from a piece of rolled sheet brass, say 1-16 inch thick, the circles required, leaving metal enough to finish nicely Place a steel taper plug in the taper chuck of your lathe and turn down a recess, leaving a shoulder on the taper. Drill a hole through the brass plate to fit the steel taper tightly. Place the end of the taper on a lead block and proceed to rivet the brass plate on the taper, making sure that it is true. Replace the taper in the lathe-chuck and proceed to turn the face and edge of the brass plate perfectly true and to the proper size. Those who have tried to drill a straight hole through an object by hold-it in the fingers know just how difficult it is to do, but by placing one of these drill rests in the spindle of the tail stock, placing the article to be drilled against it and bringing it up against the drill, you can drill the hole perfectly upright and avoid all danger of breaking the drill.
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