Dry-sand Facing
Sand prepared exclusively for facing the surface of a dry-sand mould. Whilst there are, no doubt, many good mixtures for this purpose, the following will always be found reliable and trustworthy, as it works well in finishing, requires little or no venting, may be rammed very hard, and will not be seriously affected, so far as the mould is concerned, if it should not be thoroughly dry. Silicious or fire sand 8, moulding-sand 2, flour 1. Let the above ingredients be prepared medium dry, and mix for using with clay-water. The sands mentioned should be equivalent to the Jersey grades. See FACING-SAND; FACING.
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Dry-sand Moulding
The art of preparing dried moulds, either in flasks, to be subsequently dried in the oven, or in the floor, when the drying must then be accomplished by suitably improvised means before casting. Moulding in dry-sand admits of exceedingly large and intricate castings being made with much less risk than in green-sand. Moulds rammed in flasks may, when dry, be placed in any desired position for casting, without any possibility of damage; hence cylinders and all similar castings are moulded in dry-sand, and placed in a vertical position for pouring. Dry-sand facing is used on the surface, but the flasks may be rammed with common sand off the floor. Usually the moulds are blackened and finished whilst green, and subsequently dried, closed, and cast. See DRY-SAND FACING; GREEN-SAND MOULDING; LOAM-MOULDING.
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Dryad
or Hamadryad, ham'a-dri-ad, in Greek mythology, a wood nymph whose life was supposed to be bound up in that of her tree. The wanton destruction of a tree was therefore regarded as an impious act, to be punished by the vengeance of the gods. Erisichthon once felled a tree whose dryad was beloved by Ceres. As a punishment, he was afflicted with insatiable hunger. He ate everything he could get, selling all his possessions and his own daughter for food. At last he consumed his own limbs, and began eating his body before death released him. The dryads were partners of the god Pan in the dance. See Ceres; Pan
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Dryades
Nymphs that presided over the woods. Oblations of milk, oil, and honey were offered to them. Sometimes the votaries of the Dryads sacrificed a goat to them.
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Dryas
a famous Spartan, slain by Diana in the Theban war.
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Drying-kettles
Perforated iron pans for drying moulds with. Another description of kettles for drying pan-copes that are struck in casings, and other similar purposes, is readily made by connecting two cast rings with vertical rods and crossing the bottom ring with loose bars. Instead of a ring for the bottom, a whole grate may be cast, if preferred in that manner. See LAMP; LANTERN.
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Du Bois
a city of Pennsylvania, in Clearfield co. It is on the Buffalo and Susquehanna, the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, and the Pennsylvania railroads. The most important industry is the mining of bituminous coal. There are also glass and clay works, blast furnaces, railroad shops, machine shops, etc. There is a hospital and a public library. Pop. (1910) 12,623; (1920) 13,681.
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Du Chaillu
PAUL BELLONI (düshi-yü'), a French-American explorer and writer; born in Paris, July 31, 1835. His travels in Africa, in which he discovered the gorilla and the pigmies, are detailed in "A Journey to Ashango Land" (1867), and "My Apingi Kingdom" (1870). "The Land of the Midnight Sun" (1881) deals with Norway. "The Viking Age" (1887), is a more ambitious work, intended to recreate the old Norse civilization. Among his other works are: "Ivar the Viking"; "The Land of the Long Night" (1899); "The World of the Great Forest" (1900), and many books for the young. He died April 30, 1903.
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Du Guesclin
BERTRAND (dügā-klan), Constable of France; born about 1314. Mainly to him must be attributed the expulsion of the English from Normandy, Guienne, and Poitou. He was captured by Chandos at the battle of Auray in 1364, and ransomed for 100,000 francs. While serving in Spain against Peter the Cruel he was made prisoner by the English Black Prince; but was soon liberated. For his services in Spain he was made Constable of Castile, Count of Trastamare, and Duke of Molinas; and in 1370 he was made Constable of France. He died in 1380.
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Du Lhut
DANIEL GREY- SOLON, an American pioneer; born in France about 1645; went to Canada about 1670, and became a trader and a leader of bushrangers. He chose the sites of Detroit and Fort William, fought in the Canadian war with the Senecas in 1687, and against the Iroquois in 1689, and was commander of Fort Frontenac in 1695. The city of Duluth is named after him.
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Du Maurier, George Louis Palmella Busson
du mo're-a, George Louis Palmella Busson (1834-1896), an English artist and writer of novels. Du Maurier was of a French family which had been driven to England by the Revolution. He was educated at Paris. He is well known by his illustrations in Punch, Once a Week, Cornhill Magazine, and other periodicals. In 1891 he published Peter Ibbetson, a strange, dreamy story, involving an account of a supernatural power possessed by Ibbetson and his old sweetheart whereby they are able to meet in spirit. Trilby appeared in 1894 and became popular both as a story and in a dramatized form. Trilby is an artist's model who is made to sing by hypnotic power. Du Maurier's novels will be shortlived. His drawings for Punch, however, have permanent importance, since they are illustrative of the society of his time.
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Du Mond
FRANK VINCENT, an American artist, born in Rochester, N. Y., in 1865. He was educated in Paris and was awarded a medal at the Paris Salon in 1890. He also received medals at the Boston Exposition of 1892, the Atlanta Exposition of 1895, the Buffalo Exposition of 1901, and the St. Louis Exposition of 1904. He was a member of the National Academy and of other art and architectural societies.
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Du Pont
SAMUEL FRANCIS, an American naval officer; born in Bergen Point, N. J., Sept. 27, 1803. He was commissioned a midshipman when 12 years old. During the Mexican War, being then a commander, he saw much active and gallant service on the California coast. In 1856 he was made a captain, and the following year was placed in command of the steam frigate "Minnesota," which conveyed Mr. Reed, the American minister, to China. In 1862 he was put in command of the South Atlantic blockading squadron. He sailed from Fort Monroe, Oct. 29, in his flagship the "Wabash," accompanied by a fleet of 50 sail; reached Port Royal Nov. 5, and two days after attacked two strong forts, on Hilton Head and Bay Point, which were evacuated after a severe engagement of four hours. He was promoted to rear-admiral in August, 1862. He greatly contributed to the organization of the Naval School at Annapolis, and was the author of a very remarkable report on the use of floating batteries for coast defense. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., June 23, 1865.
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