Elman
MISCHA, a violinist, born at Stalnoje, Russia, in 1891. He played violin in public at the age of five. He studied with Fidelmann, at Odessa, five years and accepted the invitation of Professor Auer, of St. Petersburg, to study with him in 1902. In 1904, when he was 13, he was looked upon as an artist of great promise in St. Petersburg. He then began to make a tour of the capitals of Europe, and finally crossed to the United States. He made his début in New York with the Russian Symphony Orchestra, in 1908, and from that year has toured America a great many times, always receiving much applause. He has also shown talent as a composer and has a number of songs and violin pieces to his credit.
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Elmina
a British settle ment and fortified seaport on the Gold Coast, a few miles W. of Cape Coast Castle. It was first settled by merchants of Dieppe, came into the hands of the Portuguese in 1471, of the Dutch in 1637, and in 1872 was ceded to the British, who destroyed the native town during the Ashanti war. Pop. about 4,000.
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Elmira College
an educational institution in Elmira, N. Y., for women; founded in 1855 under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church; reported at the Presbyterian Church; reported at structors, 32; students, 323; president, Frederick Lent, Ph. D.
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Elmo
or ERMO, a corrupted Italianized form of Erasmus, Bishop of Formiæ, a town of ancient Italy, who suffered martyrdom under Diocletian, in A. D. 303. He is invoked by Italian sailors during storms.
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Elocution
the art of correct speaking or reading in public, including the appropriate use of gestures. Great attention was paid by the ancients to this art as a branch of oratory. The rhetors in Greece had schools in which young men were trained in the correct use of the voice. Many of the Romans were sent to Greece to study and afterward there were similar teachers of elocution and oratory in Rome. In modern times, the stage has fostered the study of elocution and special attention has been given to it in the Paris Conservatoire, where the strictest canons of the art have been maintained. Many colleges have established professorships of elocution. Perhaps the most successful teacher of this century was Gustave Delsarte, whose theories and practice worked a revolution both in France and other countries. Notable schools of elocution have been established in this country by Charles Wesley Emerson, Franklin H. Sargent, and others. The list of distinguished elocutionists includes the names of Burbank, Frobisher, Riddle, Riley, Powers, and Mackaye.
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Elohim
the ordinary name of God in the Hebrew Scriptures. There is the grammatical anomaly that this plural stands as the nominative to a singular verb. This has been held to imply that in the Divine nature there is a certain plurality and a certain unity. The plural has been called also the plural of majesty. It is generally used of the true God, but Jehovah is deemed by far the more sacred name.
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Eloi
or ELIGIUS (ē-ly' jius), SAINT, Bishop of Noyon and apostle of Flanders; born in 588. Originally a goldsmith, he became patron of goldsmiths and hammermen. He died
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Elongation
The phenomenon of elongation is a fairly common one at spiritualistic séances. It may be described as a stretching out of the medium's body, till his height is increased by from three inches to nearly a foot. The feat is ascribed to spirit agencies. There are accounts by witnesses of standing in the social and scientific world of elongations of Herne, Home, Morse, and other well-known mediums. These manifestations usually made their appearance only when the light was low, but there were several exceptions. In describing an elongation of Home, Lord Lindsay says: Home looked as if he was pulled up by the neck, the muscles seemed in a state of tension. He stood firmly upright in the middle of the room, and before the elongation commenced I placed my foot on his instep." The same witness also declares that the increase in Home's height on this occasion was eleven inches. Most accounts describe a violent swaying motion on the part of the medium as preceding the elongation, which some critics have regarded as a convenient mode of covering the use of mechanism, which might be concealed in the medium's boots.
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Elphinstone
WILLIAM, a Scottish prelate, founder of King's College and University, Aberdeen; born in Glasgow, in 1431. He was educated at Glasgow College, and served four years as priest of St. Michael's in that city. He then went to France and became Professor of Law, first at Paris and subsequently at Orleans, but about 1471-1474 he returned home at the request of Muirhead, Bishop of Glasgow, who made him commissary of the diocese. In 1478 he was made commissary of the Lothians, and in 1479 Archdeacon of Argyle. Soon after he was made Bishop of Ross; and in 1483 was transferred to the see of Aberdeen. In 1484 and 1486 he was commissioned to negotiate truces with England, and in 1488 was lord highchancellor of the kingdom for several months. He was next sent on a mission to Germany, and after his return held the office of lord privy-seal till his death, in 1514.
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Elsass
. See Alsace Elsie Venner. See Holmes ; Oliver W
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Elsinore
a seaport of Denmark on the island of Seeland, at the narrowest part of the Sound (here only 3½ miles broad), 24 miles N. by E. of Copenhagen, and opposite Helsingborg in Sweden. Saxo Grammaticus, a famous writer of the 12th century, was born in Elsinore, and here too Shakespeare lays the scene of "Hamlet." Elsinore was raised to the rank of a town in 1416; it was several times destroyed by the Hanseatic League, and in 1658 was taken by the Swedes, but restored to Denmark two years later. Pop. about 14,000.
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Elssler
FANNY, celebrated a dancer; born in Vienna, June 23, 1810. She was the daughter of Johann Elssler, Haydn's factotum, and was educated at Naples for the ballet, with her elder sister Theresa, who in 1851 became the wife of Prince Adalbert of Prussia, and was ennobled. Fanny helped to raise money for the Bunker Hill Monument. She died in Vienna, Nov. 27, 1884.
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