Enguerraud de Marigny
(See France .) Ennemoser, Joseph (1787-1854): A doctor and philosopher of Germany , who devoted himself largely to the study of magnetism. He was made a professor at Bonn in 1819, and at Munich in 1841. Among his works may be mentioned his Histoire du magnétisme (1844); le Magnétisme dans ses rapports avec la nature et la religion (1842); and Introduction à la pratique du mesmerisme (1852); History of Magic (English trans. by Howitt), 1854.
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Ennery
ADOLPHE PHILIPPE D' (den-ne-re'), a French dramatist; born in Paris in 1811; began life as a clerk, but later turned to the drama. He sub sequently became the master of modern melodrama. During the 50 years of his active life he accumulated a fortune of $1,200,000. His most successful plays include "Taking of Peking"; "Two Orphans"; "Martyrdom"; "The Grace of God," and "Grandmother." He died in Paris, Jan. 26, 1899.
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Ennis
a city of Texas, in Ellis co. It is on the Texas Central and the Texas Midland railroads. It is the center of an important agricultural and stockraising region and its industries include cotton compresses, cotton gins, cottonseed oil mills, railroad shops, flour mills, etc. Pop. (1910) 5,669; (1920) 7,224.
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Enniskillen
a borough in Ireland, 87 miles W. S. W. of Belfast; famous for the victory, in 1689, of the troops of William III., under Lord Hamilton, over a superior force of James II., under Lord Galmoy. The banners taken in the battle of the Boyne hang in the town hall. The noted regiment of Enniskilleners, or 6th Dragoons, was first instituted from the defenders of the town.
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Ennius
An ancient poet, born in Calabria. He obtained the privileges of a Roman citizen on account of his learning and genius. Only fragments of his poems have been preserved.
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Enns
a river in Austria, which rises in the Alps of Salzburg, flows N., then E. N. E., then N. N. W., entering Upper Austria ("Above the Enns"), which for 15 miles it separates from Lower Austria ("Below the Enns"), and finally enters the Danube a little below the town of Enns. Total course about 180 miles.
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Enoch
Seventh master of the world after Adam, and author of the Kabala and Book of the Tarot. He is identical with the Thoth of the Egyptians, the Cadmus of the Phoenicians, and the Palamedes of the Greeks. According to tradition he did not die, but was carried up to heaven, whence he will return at the end of time. " that
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Ensign
the flag or colors of a regiment. Also a former rank of commissioned officers in a regiment of infantry, by the senior of whom the regimental ensigns or colors are carried. The name is now abolished, the title of 2d lieutenant being substituted for it. In the navy, the national ensign consists of a red-andwhite striped flag, 13 stripes, with blue field in upper inside corner containing a silver star for each State of the Union. Carried by all American vessels except yachts, which have an ensign of their Also the title of the lowest grade own. of commissioned officers in the United States navy. ENTENTE CORDIALE (on-tont' kordi-äl), cordial understanding, or a friendly disposition and relations, between the governments of two or more countries. ENTENTE NATIONS. Those governments which were allied against the central European states in the war of 1914- 1918. The Triple Entente consisted of France, England, and Russia. The circumstances of the war early forced Belgium to become a member and in 1915 Italy joined the group. Servia, Roumania, and Montenegro were the Balkan states which became allies. Japan was an early ally, but the United States, while actively participating in the struggle, never was a member of the Entente.
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Entail
. See Land Tenure
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Enteric Fever
the correct designation of what is usually called typhoid fever.
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Enteritis
inflammation of the small intestines, marked by diarrhœa, pain, aggravated on pressure, quick and strong pulse, with increased tempe temperature. It is very apt to become chronic, chiefly from obstruction to the hepatic circulation, especially by escape of blood from the portal vein.
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Envelope
en'vel-op, a paper pocket used chiefly for inclosing a letter. It is sealed usually by means of a flap or folded portion, faced at its edge with mucilage. As late as 1845 letters were folded so as to leave an unwritten portion outside for the stamp and address. They were sealed with wax. Envelopes did not come into general use earlier than the middle of the nineteenth century. At first they were made by hand, and were comparatively expensive. Since the invention of special machinery an entire ream of paper is cut into suitable pieces by a single motion of a sharp edged die. The mucilage is applied, the folding is done, and the envelopes are packed, all by machinery. It is estimated that a single machine, well managed, will turn out 50,000 envelopes in a single day. The total consumption of envelopes in the United States is between three and four billion a year. The stamped envelopes sold by the government are made under contract in but one or two factories, where they are guarded with the utmost care. The government furnishes not less than half a billion stamped envelopes annually.
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Enver Pasha
a Turkish soldier and politician. He was the chief and most influential leader in the Committee of Union and Progress, and with its advent into power through the revolution which overthrew Abdul Hamid, he began to take a prominent part in the political life of the Turkish nation. Immediately after the success of the Young Turk party he was sent to Berlin as the military attaché of the Turkish Embassy, and it is believed that it was through him personally that the understanding between Turkey and Germany was developed which led the Turks to throw their lot in with the Central Empires during the World War shortly after hostilities began. Enver Pasha was the most able assistant of General Liman von Sanders in the reorganization of the Turkish Army. After the collapse of the Turkish Government, in 1918, he fled to Germany. In January, 1920, he was reported to be back in Asiatic Turkey, where he raised the flag of revolt against the Government established by the Allies in Constantinople. Believing that he had the moral support of the whole Mohammedan world, especially in India, he demanded a revision of that clause of the Paris Treaty which proposed the partition of Turkey, his followers being known as the Nationalists. See TURKEY.
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