Esdras
BOOKS OF, two apocryother editions are incorporated with the canonical books of Scripture. In the Vulgate the canonical books of Ezra and Nehemiah are called the first and second, and the apocryphal books the third and fourth books of Esdras. The Geneva nomenclature, calling the two apocry- Bible (1560) first adopted the present phal books first and second Esdras. The subject of the first book of Esdras is the in general it appears to be copied from same as that of Ezra and Nehemiah, and book of Esdras is supposed to have been the canonical Scriptures . The second either of much later date, or to have been interpolated by Christian writers.
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Esk
the name Cumberland and one in Yorkshire; and of two small rivers in England , one in of several in Scotland, the chief being the Esk in Dumfriesshire; the North Esk and South Esk in Forfarshire; and the North Esk and South Esk in Edinburghshire.
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Eskilstuna
a city of Sweden, situated on the Eskilstuna river, about 60 miles W. of Stockholm. It is noted for its large steel manufacturing plants, in which are produced fine cutlery and small arms. A large gun factory is located on an island in the river. Pop. about 30,000.
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Esmond
HENRY V., an English actor and playwright, whose real name was Jack, born at Hampton Court, England, in 1869. He was educated privately and went on the stage in 1885. Since 1896, however, he turned to the writing of plays, many of which were successful. They include "One Summer's Day" (1897); "The Wilderness" (1901); "When We Were Twenty-One" (1901); "Under the Greenwood Tree" (1907); "The Dangerous Age" (1914); and others. Many of his plays were produced with great success in the United States. plant growing in
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Espirito Santo
a state of Brazil, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the E. It has an area of 17,310 square miles. The coast region is for the most part swampy, but there are cliffs in the S. The interior is mountainous, with an elevation reaching 7,000 feet. The chief river is the Rio Doce, which divides the state into two parts. The soil is well adapted for cultivation. The chief products are sugar cane and coffee. There are also considerable quantities of cotton and rice. The principal export is coffee. Rare woods and drugs are obtained from the forests. Fishing is an important occupation of the people. There is no mining, but there are valuable deposits of marble and lime. The state has about 50 miles of railway. Pop. (1917) 482,308. The capital is Victoria.
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Esplanadian
A mediæval Spanish legend. It tells how Amadis of Gaul and his wife Oriana of the Firm Island had the wicked enchanter Archelous in their keeping, but set him free in answer to his wife's entreaties. Certain calamities happen which are attributed to Archelous, and Amadis' son Esplandian is carried off by the enchantress Urganda. The legend goes on to relate Esplandian's adventures, how he is given a magic sword, and kills a dragon. With this sword he succeeds in killing Archelous himself, and his nephew, and he then sets free a kinsman. His next opponent is Matroed, son of Arcobone, whom he also vanquishes; and finally the stronghold of Archelous is utterly destroyed, and the land freed from the pagan influence of Matroed. Etheric Double
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Esquimalt
a seaport and harbor of British Columbia, on the S. E. coast of Vancouver Island, and on the Strait of San Juan de Fuca; 4 miles from Victoria. The harbor is extensive and capable of receiving vessels of the greatest size, and is the British naval station for this part of the Pacific coast. It has a navy yard, marine hospital, a large dry dock built by the Dominion Government in 1888, and a meteorological station. In 1894 the British Government constructed elaborate defenses at Esquimalt. In 1908 the Canadian Government took over the military charge of forts, etc. The harbors of both Esquimalt and Victoria are kept thoroughly mined and wired, and constitute one of the best defended naval stations in the world. Pop. about 3,000.
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Esquire
originally, a shield-bearer or armor-bearer, an attendant on a knight; hence, in modern times a title of dignity next in degree below a knight. In England this title is given properly to the younger sons of noblemen, to officers of the king's courts and of the household, to counsellors at law, justices of the peace while in commission, sheriffs, gentlemen who have held commissions in the army and navy, etc. Both there and in the United States in the addresses of letters esquire may be put as a complimentary adjunct to almost any person's name. In heraldry the helmet of an esquire is represented sideways with the visor closed.
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Essad Toptani
PASHA, an Albanian soldier and military leader, born near Durazzo, about 1863. He served in the Turkish army and rose to the command of the gendarmerie of Confought in the war stantinople. He against Greece in 1897, and for his services was given the title Pasha. He killed the agent who had been ordered by the Sultan Abdul Hamid to murder his brother, Ghani Toptani, but his influence was so great that Abdul Hamid feared to punish him. Essad was instead transferred to Janina, where he rose to the rank of general. He joined the Young Turk movement in 1908 and was among the leaders who opposed Abdul Hamid. During the Balkan War he defended Scutari against the Montenegrins, and when the Great Powers declared for the self-government of Albania, he declared for the independence of that country. In 1913 he was a member of the provisional Albanian Government, and in 1914 was appointed Minister of War and of the Interior. He was assassinated in Paris in 1920.
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Essen
a town of Rhenish Prussia, 18 miles N. E. of Düsseldorf, founded in the 9th century, and adorned with a fine church dating from 873. It increased with great rapidity, and is celebrated for the steel and iron works of the Krupps, the most extensive in Europe. This great establishment was started in 1827, with only two workmen. During the World War Essen was one of the most important of the German cities. At the Krupp works were produced vast quantities of armament and munitions. Attempts, some very successful, were made by Allied aviators to damage and destroy the works. Following peace, the works were devoted to the manufacture of various steel products. In the suburbs are the "colonies" - cottages, churches, schools, stores, libraries, places of amusement, homes for the superannuated and disabled workmen, etc., established by the Krupps for their workmen. Pop. about 400,000.
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