Exeter
a city, river-port, and parliamentary and municipal borough of England, in the county of Devon, on the left bank of the Exe , 10 miles N. W. from its outlet in the English Channel. It is pleasantly situated on the summit and slopes of an acclivity rising from the river, and has handsome squares, terraces, and streets. Among the objects of interest are the cathedral (founded 1112), the remains of the castle of Rougemont, the Guildhall, the Albert Memorial Museum , St. Michael's Church, etc. Exeter has iron foundries, manufactories of agricultural implements, paper mills, etc., and Honiton lace is also made. By means of a canal vessels of 300 tons can reach the city. The largest vessels remain at Exmouth. Exeter is a place of remote antiquity , having been a British settlement long prior to the invasion of the Romans. Pop. about 50,000.
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Exeter College
one of the colleges at Oxford University , England. Founded by Stapeldon, Bishop of Exeter, in 1314. It consists of a rector, 12 fellowships, and more than twenty scholarships. Eight of the latter, in accordance with the will of the founder, are reserved for those born or educated in the diocese of Exeter. The buildings have been extensively restored, most of them dating from the 17th and 18th centuries. The chapel was built in 1857-1858 by Sir Gilbert Scott. A beautiful secluded garden adds to the attractiveness of the buildings.
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Exfoliation
in surgery, the process by which a thin layer or scale of dead bone separates from the sound part.
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Exhibition
a benefaction settled for the maintenance of undergraduates in the universities of England, the British colonies, and America. In Scotland such scholarships are called bursaries.
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Exmoor
a wild, windy, mostly wooded region on the border line between Somerset and Devon, England. It is covered with heath, and contains many bogs concealed by a growth of the wild juniper and cranberry. Exmoor Forest was one of the strongholds of the ancient Druids. It is bordered by dark, precipitous glens. An excellent idea of this region may be had from Blackmore's Lorna Doone and Conan Doyle's Micah Clarke. See Lorna Doone
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Exophthalmic Goiter
enlargement with turgescence of the thyroid gland, accompanied by protrusion of the eyeballs, breathlessness, palpitation, and anæmia. Also called Basedow's or Graves' disease.
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Expanding Alloy
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This page describes trade processes that use dangerously toxic materials such as cyanide solutions, mercury amalgams, or strong acids. These processes require training, equipment, and precautions far beyond what the text describes.
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Lead 9, antimony 2, bismuth 1. This alloy is useful to fill holes in castings, as it does not contract and become loose like lead or cast iron. What are termed expanding alloys invariably contain bismuth and antimony in some proportion. This special quality has rendered these metals valuable for type-metal composition, etc. See BISMUTH; ANTIMONY; TYPE-METAL. Expansion is the enlargement or increase of bulk in substances, chiefly by means of heat. This is one of the most general effects of heat and is common to all bodies whether solid, fluid, or in the aeriform state. Expansion by heat varies greatly. The following table gives the linear expansions of several useful metals from 0 deg. to 100 deg. C., the length at 0 deg. being taken as unity: Metal. Expansion 0 deg. to 100 deg. Platinum, cast..... .000907 Gold, Cast..... .001451 Silver, cast..... .001936 Copper..... .001708 Iron..... .001228 Cast steel..... .001110 Bismuth..... .001374 Tin..... .002269 Lead..... .002948 Zinc..... .002905 Cadmium..... .003102 Aluminum..... .002336 Brass (copper 72, zinc 28)..... .001879 Bronze (copper 86, tin 10, zinc 4)..... .001802 See CONTRACTION; SHRINKAGE.
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Expansion
in physics, is the enlargement or increase in the bulk of bodies, in consequence of a change in their temperature. This is one of the most general effects of heat, being common to all bodies whatever, whether solid or fluid. The expansion of fluids varies considerably, but, in general, the denser the fluid, the less the expansion; and, commonly, the greater the heat, the greater the expansion; but this is not universal, for there are cases in which expansion is produced, not by an increase, but by a diminution of temperature. Water, in cooling, ceases to contract at 42° F.; and at about 39°, just before it reaches the freezing point (32°), it begins to expand again, and more and more rapidly as the freezing point is reached. This expansion is about one-eleventh of its bulk, and accounts for the bursting of pipes, etc., when water is freezing in them.
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Experiment Stations
a system of experimental college farms. The general government of the United States maintains a station for agricultural experiments in every state and territory of the Union. Specialists are furnished land, buildings, tools, stock, and labor to try new crops, new methods, and to make improvements in the old. Fruits, vegetables and field crops, bees, poultry, horses, horned cattle, swine and sheep, dairy products, and household economy, all receive attention. A school of instruction, or agricultural college, is maintained usually in connection with the experiment station. The possibilities of such stations are limited only by the ability and originality of those in charge. By act of Congress, bulletins may be sent out, postage free, which is now done to the extent of over half a million addresses. Some of the states maintain additional stations. Five stations in excellent repute are maintained by the Dominion of Canada at Ottawa, Ontario; Nappan, Nova Scotia ; Brandon, Manitoba; Indian Head, Saskatchewan, and Agassiz, British Columbia . The Ottawa station is the head station through which the four others make report.
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Experiments and Observations of Dr
Robert Hooke, F. R. S." and another, called "The Antiquity of Clock-work."
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Exports
commodities or productions shipped out of a state or country. Commodities shipped in are called imports. The interchange of exports and imports is treated of under the head of COMMERCE.
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Expressed Oils
in chemistry, those oils which are obtainable from bodies only by pressing, to distinguish them from mineral and essential oils, which last are, for the most part, obtained by distillation.
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