Executive Department
that branch of government whose duty it is to enforce or execute the law. According to the accepted canon of political science, there are three departments of government: the legislative or law-making body, the judicial branch, which interprets the law, and the executive . In the Federal Government of the United States the President is the chief executive, assisted by the various heads of departments. In the State governments the governor heads the executive department. heads of the executive departments , that is, the secretaries of State , War, Navy, Treasury, Interior , Commerce, Agriculture, and Labor, with the Attorney General and Postmaster- General, constitute the President's advisers or Cabinet. This was not provided for in the Constitution , which vests the entire executive power in the President's hands , but the Cabinet has grown up as a matter of necessity. The
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Exeter
a city, river-port, and parliamentary and municipal borough of England, in the county of Devon, on the left bank of the Exe , 10 miles N. W. from its outlet in the English Channel. It is pleasantly situated on the summit and slopes of an acclivity rising from the river, and has handsome squares, terraces, and streets. Among the objects of interest are the cathedral (founded 1112), the remains of the castle of Rougemont, the Guildhall, the Albert Memorial Museum , St. Michael's Church, etc. Exeter has iron foundries, manufactories of agricultural implements, paper mills, etc., and Honiton lace is also made. By means of a canal vessels of 300 tons can reach the city. The largest vessels remain at Exmouth. Exeter is a place of remote antiquity , having been a British settlement long prior to the invasion of the Romans. Pop. about 50,000.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Exeter College
one of the colleges at Oxford University , England. Founded by Stapeldon, Bishop of Exeter, in 1314. It consists of a rector, 12 fellowships, and more than twenty scholarships. Eight of the latter, in accordance with the will of the founder, are reserved for those born or educated in the diocese of Exeter. The buildings have been extensively restored, most of them dating from the 17th and 18th centuries. The chapel was built in 1857-1858 by Sir Gilbert Scott. A beautiful secluded garden adds to the attractiveness of the buildings.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Exfoliation
in surgery, the process by which a thin layer or scale of dead bone separates from the sound part.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Exhibition
a benefaction settled for the maintenance of undergraduates in the universities of England, the British colonies, and America. In Scotland such scholarships are called bursaries.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Exmoor
a wild, windy, mostly wooded region on the border line between Somerset and Devon, England. It is covered with heath, and contains many bogs concealed by a growth of the wild juniper and cranberry. Exmoor Forest was one of the strongholds of the ancient Druids. It is bordered by dark, precipitous glens. An excellent idea of this region may be had from Blackmore's Lorna Doone and Conan Doyle's Micah Clarke. See Lorna Doone
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Exmouth
a seaport and markettown of Devonshire, England. It is an attractive summer resort and has a good beach and handsome promenades. Its elevation is high and it is noted earth. ted for its mild climate. The chief industries are lace-making and fishing. Pop. about 15,000.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Exmouth
EDWARD PELLEW, VISCOUNT, a British naval officer; born in 1757. He went to sea at the age of 13, served midshipman in the as "Blonde" "Blo frigate during the American war, and greatly distinguished himself at Lake Champlain. In 1782 he was made a post-ca post-captain for a brilliant action in the "Pelican," and on the outbreak of the war of 1793 was appointed to the command of the frigate "La Nymphe." From this time till the peace in 1802 he was employed in active service. In 1804, on the resumption of hostilities, he commanded the East India station, in the "Culloden," till 1809, when he had attained the rank of vice-admiral. In 1814 he was made Baron Exmouth with a pension of £2,000 per annum. In 1816 he proceeded to Algiers in command of the combined fleet of 25 English and Dutch ships to enforce the terms of a treaty regarding the abolition of Christian slavery which the dey had violated. He bombarded the city and inflicted such immense damage that the dey consented Three thousand to every demand. Christian slaves were by this exploit restored to liberty. Lord Exmouth was raised to the dignity of a viscount for this service. In 1821 he retired to private life, and he died Jan. 23, 1833.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Exophthalmic Goiter
enlargement with turgescence of the thyroid gland, accompanied by protrusion of the eyeballs, breathlessness, palpitation, and anæmia. Also called Basedow's or Graves' disease.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Expanding Alloy
Important: Safety Warning This page describes trade processes that use dangerously toxic materials such as cyanide solutions, mercury amalgams, or strong acids. These processes require training, equipment, and precautions far beyond what the text describes. This information has been left in for historical purposes but should not be acted upon. Lead 9, antimony 2, bismuth 1. This alloy is useful to fill holes in castings, as it does not contract and become loose like lead or cast iron. What are termed expanding alloys invariably contain bismuth and antimony in some proportion. This special quality has rendered these metals valuable for type-metal composition, etc. See BISMUTH; ANTIMONY; TYPE-METAL. Expansion is the enlargement or increase of bulk in substances, chiefly by means of heat. This is one of the most general effects of heat and is common to all bodies whether solid, fluid, or in the aeriform state. Expansion by heat varies greatly. The following table gives the linear expansions of several useful metals from 0 deg. to 100 deg. C., the length at 0 deg. being taken as unity: Metal. Expansion 0 deg. to 100 deg. Platinum, cast..... .000907 Gold, Cast..... .001451 Silver, cast..... .001936 Copper..... .001708 Iron..... .001228 Cast steel..... .001110 Bismuth..... .001374 Tin..... .002269 Lead..... .002948 Zinc..... .002905 Cadmium..... .003102 Aluminum..... .002336 Brass (copper 72, zinc 28)..... .001879 Bronze (copper 86, tin 10, zinc 4)..... .001802 See CONTRACTION; SHRINKAGE.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding