Egmont
PORT, the principal harbor of the Falkland Isles, on the N. coast of the more W. of the principal two islands of the group, its seaward barriers being the islets of Keppel and Saunders.
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Single-source entries: E (9)
Each of these 11 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
Egmont, Count
Count (1522-1568), a Dutch statesman and soldier. Egmont's life belongs to the stormy period of the Reformation. He won high reputation as a soldier and commander under the banner of Charles V. He regretted the hostility which developed later between his country and his sovereign. Although an ardent Roman Catholic, he sided with the Dutch and took arms with William, Prince of Orange, when Holland was attacked by the Spanish. In order to strike terror into the hearts of the Dutch, Philip II ordered Egmont seized and executed. He appears to have been a man of a reflective turn of mind and kind feelings. He did not sympathize with his people in their Protestantism, yet was a sincere patriot. He is the chief character in Goethe's celebrated drama of Egmont. The reader will also wish to consult Motley's The Rise of the Dutch Republic.
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Egyptian Literature
. See Literature
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Ehrenberg
CHRIS- TIAN GOTTFRIED, a German scientist; born in Delitzsch, April 19, 1795. After studying theology, medicine, and natural history, he joined d in 1820 an expedition to Palestine, Egypt, and Abyssinia, returning to Berlin in 1825. In 1820 he accompanied Humboldt to the Ural and Altai ranges and to central Siberia. His great work on "Infusoria" appeared in 1838, and was at once recognized as the highest authority on the subject. It was followed in 1854 by his "Microgeology." He died June 27, 1876. EHRENBREITSTEIN (ā'ren-brītstin), a Prussian fortress of great strength situated opposite the confluence of the Moselle with the Rhine, on a precipitous rock 387 feet above the river, and inaccessible on three sides. It is connected with Coblenz on the opposite shore by a bridge of boats. After the Armistice, ending the WORLD WAR (q. v.), it was occupied by American troops.
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Ehrenbreitstein
a-ren-brit'stin, a majestic German fortress. It is situated on a precipitous rock 387 feet above the eastern bank of the Rhine. The present fortifications were constructed in 1816-1826, at an expense of $6,000,000. The fortress is approached usually from Coblenz by a bridge of boats. The rock is precipitous on three sides, and is ascended on the fourth by a zigzag lane, flanked by heavy masonry and commanded by heavy cannon at every angle. The fortress is considered one of the strongest in the world, and is often called the "Gibraltar of the Rhine." It accommodates 14,000 soldiers. The parade ground commands a magnificent view of the Rhine, the Moselle, and the city of Coblenz. See Rhine ; Coblenz ; Moselle
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Eider
a river of Prussia, which rises in Holstein, and forms the boundary between Schleswig and Holstein, falling into the North Sea at Tönning after a course of 92 miles. By its junction with the Schleswig-Holstein Canal it gives communication between the North Sea and the Baltic.
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Eiffel Tower
THE, a notable structure in Paris, France. The plans for the Paris exposition of 1889 included a monstrous iron tower, to be raised on the Champs-de-Mars, 1,000 feet high. The designer, Gustave Eiffel, constructed it of iron lattice-work, with three elevators giving access to the summit. The uses of so stupendous an undertaking are many, and it became one of the chief permanent ornaments of the city. Its importance from a meteorological point of view cannot be overestimated, the tower enabling meteorologists to study the decrease of temperature at different heights, to observe the variations of winds, and to find out the quantity of rain that falls at different heights, and the density of the clouds. Indeed, in all that relates to temperature, hygrometry, air currents and the composition of the air the tower affords opportunities for study and research, many of which have hitherto been impossible. It is equally useful to astronomers. In the World War (1914-1918) the tower was employed as a wireless telegraph station. EHRENBREITSTEIN
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Eigg
an island on the W. coast of Scotland, County of Inverness, about 10 miles from the mainland, and 5 miles ong by about 3 broad. It has bold, rocky shores, and terminates to the S. in a lofty promontory called the Scuir of Eigg, with a peak of columnar pitchstone porphyry 1,339 feet above the sea, and on one side perpendicular as a wall. It is the scene of the massacre, toward he end of the 16th century, of the Maconalds by the Macleods of Skye, who uffocated them in a cave where they ad taken refuge.
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Eimeo
one of the French Society Islands, in the Pacific Ocean, about 10 miles W. N. W. of Tahiti, the principal member of the group. Area, 51 square miles; population, about 1,500. It consists of deep valleys and abrupt hills-the former well cultivated, and the latter heavily timbered. Here Christianity was first introduced in Polynesia; and here the South Sea College of the London Missionary Society was established. Most of the natives are Protestants.
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Einbeck
or EIMBECK, a town of Hanover; situated on the Ilme, 23 miles N. of Göttingen by rail. Though a place of considerable importance in the 15th century, and a Hanse city, it has decayed greatly in recent times.
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Einsiedeln
a town of Switzerland, in the canton of Schwyz, 27 miles S. E. of Zurich by rail. In Einsiedeln great numbers of prayer-books, sacred images, wax candles, rosaries, medallions, etc., are made. The town is, however, chiefly celebrated for its Benedictine abbey, to which some 200,000 pilgrims resort annually to worship at the shrine of a black image of the Virgin, Sept. 14 being the principal day in the year. The abbey itself was founded in the 10th century, and after being repeatedly destroyed by fire, was rebuilt as a quadrangle in the Italian style in 1704-1719. It contains a valuable library with several incunabula and MSS., these last dating from the 8th to the 12th century; also a museum of natural science and natural history. Rudolph of Hapsburg elevated the abbot of Einsiedeln to the dignity of a prince of the empire in 1274. Near the town the Austrians under Jellachich were defeated by the French under Masséna on Aug. 14, 1799.
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