These 10 listings are so strange that each appears in only one of the 7 encyclopedias we compared. They include such classics as Ferrol, Ferrule, Ferry.
Pig-iron containing from 25 to 75 per cent of manganese, employed extensively in the manufacture of mild steel by the Siemens, Bessemer, and crucible methods. See MANGANESE; SPIEGELEISEN; OPEN-HEARTH STEEL.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding
a Spanish seaport in Galicia, Spain; on a narrow arm of the sea, 11 miles by water and 33 by rail N. E. of Corunna. A poor fishing town till 1752, it now is one of the strongest fortified places in the kingdom, and possesses one of its three largest arsenals (with dockyards, naval workshops, etc.), while the annual trade reaches about £500,000. The harbor is safe and capacious, and has a very narrow entrance, defended by two forts. The town has manufactures of naval stores, linen, cotton, and leather, and exports corn, brandy, vinegar, and fish. In 1805 a French fleet was defeated by the English off Ferrol. The town was taken by the French in 1809 and 1823, and in 1872 had a republican rising. Pop. about 30,000.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
The small pulley or wheel around which the string of a bow is wound when giving motion to a piece of work. See also Collet. FETIL, PIERRE. A noted French Watchmaker, born at Nantes in 1753, and died at Orleans May 18, 1814.
Only in American Watchmaker and Jeweler
FREDERICK CARLOS, an American e educator, born in Braintree, Vt., in 1868. He graduated from Wil liams College in 1891 and took post-graduate studies at Harvard and in Germany. He was on the faculty of Williams College from 1891 to 1917, when he was elected president and professor of mathematics at Hamilton College. He was a member of many educational societies and contributed articles, chiefly on mathematical subjects, to scientific publications.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
JULES FRANCOIS CAMILLE, a French statesman; born in Saint Dié, France, April 5, 1832; was admitted to the Paris bar in 1854, and speedily identified himself with the opponents of the empire. In 1869 he was elected to the National Assembly, where he voted against the war with Prussia; and during the siege of Paris by the Germans (1870-1871) he played a prominent part as central mayor of the city. He was minister to Athens in 1872- 1873, and in 1879 became minister of public instruction, and began an agitation against the Jesuits. Their expulsion was effected, and brought about the dissolution of the ministry in September, 1880. M. Ferry then formed a cabinet, which remained in office till November, 1881. In February, 1883, he again became premier, with a policy of "colonial expansion," involving a war in Madagascar and the invasion of Tonquin, where a disaster to the French troops brought about his downfall in March, 1885. In 1890 he was made senator. He died in Paris, March 17, 1893.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
fa-ree', Jules (1832-1893), a French statesman. While practicing law in Paris he dipped into journalism, always as an opponent of the empire of Napoleon III. As a member of the National Assembly he voted against the war with Prussia. He was mayor of Paris during its siege by the Germans in the winter of 1871. After the close of the Franco-Prussian War he held various important positions under the republic. As minister of public instruction he brought about the expulsion of the Jesuits. As prime minister he put forth efforts, not always successful, to secure territory in Africa and Farther Asia. His reputation is that of an intelligent patriot who served his country faithfully and well.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
a recently developed alloy of lead, valuable as a bearing metal. Its principal constituents, in addition to about 97 per cent lead, are barium, calcium, and a small amount of mercury. The melting point is 445 degrees C., and the loss of hardness at temperatures up to 150 degrees is exceptionally small. The alloy possesses agehardening properties and is practically non-oxidizable.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
AXEL, COUNT, a Swedish military officer; born in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1755; came to America on the staff of Rochambeau; fought under Lafayette and received from Washingcoloring earned for him the name of the Spanish Titian. He died about 1579.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
in botany, the action of pollen on the young seed in the ovary of the pistil. See article on FLOWER. When corn is in the silk the tassel is shedding a shower of yellow dust called pollen. Each grain of corn on the young cob has its thread of silk, the end of which just shows from the end of the husk. Grains of pollen must fall on the gummy ends of the silk, a grain of pollen for each thread, and send long, fine rootlets down the centers of the silk which are really hollow tubes, into the young seeds which then develop into grains of corn. Shelter the silk when the pollen is falling and the corn on that ear will not fill. In some plants the stamens touch the pistils; in some the pollen falls on the end of the pistil. Some plants are wind fertilized, and to some plants, as in most honey-bearing plants, the visitation of insects is necessary to bring pollen either from another or the same flower into touch with the open end of the pistil tube. See article on FIGS for a curious case of carrying pollen from one tree to the fruit of another. Whatever the way in which it may be done, no seed will fill unless a pollen root has grown down the pistil into it. See Cross-Fertilization
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
JOSEPH, Cardinal Archbishop of Lyons, and half-brother of Letitia Ramolino, mother of Napoleon I.; born in Ajaccio, Corsica, Jan. 3, 1763. He was educated in France for the Church; in 1790 he was appointed by his nephew, General Bonaparte, commissary-general of the army of Italy, in which capacity he realized a princely fortune. He afterward resumed his clerical studies, and adopting the profession, was, in 1802, consecrated Archbishop of Lyons. In the year afterward, Fesch received a cardinal's hat, and was sent to Rome as French ambassador. In 1804 he accompanied Pius VII. to Paris, to assist at the emperor's coronation, and in the following year was created Grand Almoner of France. As president of the Council of Paris, he energetically opposed his nephew on many occasions, and especially espoused the cause of the unfortunate Pope. He finally fell into disgrace with the emperor, and retired to Rome, where he died May 13, 1839.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia