Fiala
ANTHONY, an American explorer; born in Jersey City Heights, in educated at Cooper 1869. He was Union and at the National Academy of Design in New York. After several years spent in various employments, including that of an art engraver, he became war correspondent for the Brooklyn "Daily Eagle" in the Spanish- American War, in which he took part as a 1st lieutenant of the infantry. In 1901-1902 he was photographer for the Baldwin-Ziegler Polar Expedition, and from 1903 to 1905 commanded a second expedition sent out under the same auspices. He accompanied Colonel Theoon the latter's trip dore Roosevelt through the Brazilian wilderness in 1913-1914, and made extensive explorations in that region. He served as captain in the machine-gun troop on the Mexican border in 1916-1917, and during the World War served as major in the National Army. He wrote "Fighting the Polar Ice" (1906).
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Fiber Plants
plants that furnish fibrous or stringy material suitable for the manufacture of fabrics, strings, and paper. Fibers are obtained chiefly from the inner bark of plants, like the basswood, the elm, hemp, and flax; from the outer bark of grass-like plants; from the stems and leaves of such plants as the palm, the agave, the sisal; and from the wool-like covering of seeds. Cotton belongs to the last mentioned division. Over 1,000 varieties of fiber plants are known to exist. The chief six vegetable fibers of the world are cotton, flax, hemp, jute, manila, and sisal. Separate articles will be found under these headings. The reader is also referred to articles on RAMIE; RAFFIA; AGAVE; YUCCA; RATTAN; BAMBOO; PALMETTO; ESPARTO; COIR; CORDAGE.
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Fichte
JOHANN GOTTIIEB, a German philosopher; born in Rammenau in Upper Lusatia, May 19, 1762; wrote his treatise, "Essay Toward a Critique of All Revelation" (1792), as a "letter of introduction" to Kant. He was appointed Professor of Philosophy in the Un University of Jena in 1794; and the following year published his "Doctrine of Science," a fundamental departure from Kant. Of his philosophical writings the most important are: "The Doctrines of Science" (1794); "Foundations of the Whole Doctrine of Science" (1794); "Introduction to the Doctrine of Science" (1798); "System of Moral "Man's Destiny" Doctrine" (1798); ; (1800). He died in Berlin, Jan. 27, 1814.
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Fichte, Johann Gottlieb
Johann Gottlieb (1762-1814), a German philosopher. He was born at Rammenau. He studied at Jena, Leipsic, and Wittenberg and became a private tutor. In 1793 he became professor of philosophy at Jena and was one of the most celebrated professors of that university during the time when it was most noted. On account of certain publications he was suspected of atheism, and, as a result of an inquiry, he resigned his professorship. Later he was appointed professor of philosophy at the University of Berlin. Fichte's system was founded at first upon that of Kant, but gradually took a somewhat different direction. His philosophy may be regarded as pure idealism. He maintained that the "ego," the "I,"--the thinking soul--is the only reality; everything else is illusion, or at least may be illusion; we cannot be certain that there is any outside world. The senses are not to be trusted as a means of obtaining knowledge. Fichte was a man of the strictest integrity and of the noblest impulses. It was his constant aim to make his generation better, to incite his pupils to form high ideals, and to lead lives of loyalty and self denial, teaching them, as he did, the absolute omnipotence of the human will. See Kant ; Schelling
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Ficke
ARTHUR DAVISON, an American writer, born in Davenport, Ia., in 1883. He graduated from Harvard University in 1904 and after studying law was admitted to the bar in 1908. He was the author of several volumes of prose and poetry, including "From the "The Happy Hap Princess" Isles" (1907); (1907); "The Breaking of Bonds" (1910); "Twelve Japanese Painters" (1913); and "An April Elegy" (1917). During the World War he was captain of the Ordnance Department. He served in France until July, 1919, rising to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. of
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Fictitious Silver
No. I: Silver, I oz.; nickel, I oz., II dwts.; copper, 2 oz. 9 dwts.; No. 2, silver 3 oz.; nickel, I oz. II dwts.; copper, 2 oz 9 dwts.; spelter 10 dwts.
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Ficus
in botany, genus a Moraceæ; flowers unisexual, the males and females mixed indiscriminately on the inner side of a concave fleshy receptacle, the upper margin of which constitutes a narrow aperture. Flowers separated from each other by soft, colorless, bristle-like bracts or scales. The genus is a very large one, about 600 species being already known. They occur in all the hotter parts of the world.
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Fidius
An ancient form of filius, occurs in the connection of Dius Fidius, or Medius Fidius, that is me Dius filius, or the son of Jupiter , that is Hercules . Hence the expression medius fidius is equivalent to me Hercules scil. juvet. Sometimes fidius is used alone. Some of the ancients connected fidius with fides. Flaccus, Fulvius. The name of two distinguished families in the Fulvia and Valeria gentes.
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Field
CYRUS WEST, an American capitalist; born in Stockbridge, Mass., Nov. 30, 1819; received a fair CYRUS WEST FIELD education; began the manufacture and sale of paper in 1840, and soon became wealthy. About 1845 he turned his attention to ocean telegraphy. In 1854 the Newfoundland Le Legislature granted cables him the right for 50 years to land between the United States and Europe on that island. He later organized the New York, Newfoundland, and London Telegraph Company, of which Peter Cooper, Moses Taylor, Marshall O. Roberts, and Chandler White were members. In 1866, after many disappointments and failures, a cable was successfully stretched across the ocean (see ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH). For his achievement Congress voted him a gold medal and the thanks of the people. In 1867 the Grand Medal, the highest honor of the Paris Exposition, was bestowed on him. He died in New York City, July 12, 1892.
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Field (EUGENE an American journalist)
EUGENE, an American journalist; born in St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 2, 1850. By his poems and tales in the press he won a high reputation in the West. His complete works comprise: "Love Songs of Childhood," "A Little Book of Western Verse," "A Second Book of Verse," "The Holy Cross, and Other Tales," "The Love Affairs of a Bibliomaniac." He made, in collaboration with his brother, Roswell Martin Field, some good translations from Horace - "Echoes from the Sabine Farm." He died in Chicago, Ill., Nov. 4, 1895.
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