These 12 listings are so strange that each appears in only one of the 7 encyclopedias we compared. They include such classics as Fagin, Fahrenheit, Faidherbe.
fa'gin, in Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist , a Jew who trains children in crime, appropriating to himself what they procure by thieving and picking pockets. Oliver is first introduced to Fagin by the Artful Dodger. Later, when he has been befriended by Mr. Brownlow, he is abducted by Fagin's agents and a decided effort is made to lead him into a life of crime. Fagin is, in the end, condemned to death for complicity in a murder.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
GABRIEL DANIEL, a German natural philosopher; born in Danzig, Prussia, May 14, 1686. He was a maker of scientific instruments, and in 1720 introduced the use of mercury instead of spirits of wine in the construction of the THERMOMETER (q. v.).
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
fa'ren-hit, Gabriel (1686-1736), a German scientist. He was born at Dantzic and died at Amsterdam. He was a tradesman, but gave over business for the pleasures of science. He originated the idea of using mercury in thermometers. The point of greatest cold observed at Dantzic he called zero. He divided the space between this zero and the height to which his column of quicksilver rose in boiling water into 212 parts. Discovering later that he could obtain a still greater degree of cold by artificial means, he adopted the temperature of a mixture of ice and salt as a more scientific zero. Prior to Fahrenheit, spirits of wine--alcohol--was used to mark changes in temperature. See Thermometer ; Celsius
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
LOUIS LÉON CÉSAR, a French military officer; born in Lille, France, June 3, 1818. His apprenticeship as a soldier was passed in Algiers and Guadaloupe. He went to Senegal in 1852; became two years later governor of the colony, and extended the colony by the subjugation of the Moorish Trarza in 1858, and of the country of Cayor in 1861. Faidherbe was summoned to France in December, 1870, and given command of the Army of the North. After successfully withstanding Manteuffel's attack the Hallue near river, Dec. 23, he was severely beaten near St. Quentin, Jan. 19, 1871. After the conclusion of peace, he was dispatched by the French government to Upper Egypt to study the monuments and inscriptions. He became a member of the National Assembly in 1879. Faidherbe published books on the language, geography, and archæology of northern Africa, chief among which are two collections of "Numidian Inscriptions" (1870-1872); "Anthropology of Algiers" (1874); "Phoenician Epigraphy" (1873); "The French Soudan" (1884); a work on Senegal (1889). His "Campaign of the Ar Army of the North" appeared at Paris in 1871. He died in Paris, Sept. 29, 1889.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a city of Lancashire, England. It is on the Lancashire and Yorkshire railway. It has important manufactures of cotton. Pop. about 17,000.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
The opposite of sharp and clearly-defined impressions on the casting. When fine carving, tracing, and other outlines on a casting are blurred, presenting shining, imperfect edges and cold-shot marks, the casting is pronounced as faint-run. Some of the chief causes for this are unequal distribution of the runners, a too free use of carbon facing, wet or hard sand, dull metal, lack of porosity in the sand, or perhaps a combination of two or more of the causes mentioned, all of which it is the easiest matter conceivable to avoid when the intelligence is made equal to the exigency. See COLD-SHOT; VENTING.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding
falling into a swoon, with loss of consciousness. Fainting may result from extreme hunger, fatigue, excessive excitement, fear, excessive pain, a shocking sight, or even from an offensive odor. In any case, the immediate cause is a stoppage of the flow of blood to the brain. While not necessarily dangerous, a fainting fit should be relieved immediately by loosening the clothing about the throat and having the patient lie at rest with the head somewhat lower than the rest of the body, to facilitate the flow of blood in that direction. Physicians maintain that dashing water into the face and the application of smelling salts have no bearing on the case, as the patient cannot recover until the brain has received a supply of blood. See Blood
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
or FAYOUM. See FAYUM.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a town in Bristol co., Mass.; on Buzzards Bay, at the mouth of the Acushnet river, and on the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad; 60 miles S. of Boston and opposite New Bedford, with which it is connected by bridges. Here are the Millicent Public Library, several banks, churches, s, and lic a newspaper. It has manufactories of glass, castings, nails, and tacks. The British were here repulsed by Maj. Israel Fearing on Sept. 7, 1778. Pop. (1910) 5,122; (1920) 7,291.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a small island in the North Atlantic, lying between the Shetland and Orkney Isles, 22 miles from Sumburgh Head. It is 4 miles long by a breadth of 22. Here (1588) the Duke of Medina, admiral of the Spanish Armada, was shipwrecked.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
SIR WILLIAM, a Scotch civil engineer; born in Kelso, Ke Scotland, Feb. 19, 1789; entered business in Manchester, England, in 1817. He constructed the first iron ship in England and afterward his firm built over 100 iron vessels. He was associated with Robert Stephenson in designing and building the great tubular bridge over Menai Strait. He was the author of "Iron, Its History and Manufacture"; "Iron Shipbuilding"; "Useful Information for Engineers"; "An Experimental Inquiry Into the Strength, Elasticity, Ductility, and Other Properties of Steel" (1869); etc. He died Aug. 18, 1874.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
ARTHUR, an American art director, born in Hanover, N. H., in 1864. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1886 and attended the Yale Divinity School and the Union Theological Seminary. He also studied in Germany. He was on the faculty of Dartmouth College and Yale and Cornell Universities until 1900, when he became professor of Greek literature and archæology at the University of Iowa. In 1906, he was appointed professor of Greek and Greek archæology in the University of Michigan. He was in the following year appointed director of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. He was a member of many classical and learned societies. He wrote "Introduction to Sociology" (1896); "The Mythology of Greece and Rome" (1907); "Handbook of Greek Religion" (1910); "Greek Gods and Heroes" (1915).
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia