Fields
JAMES THOMAS, an American publisher and author; born in Portsmouth, N. H., Dec. 31, 1817. The various publishing firms of which he was partner, with Ticknor, Osgood, and others, were of the first rank. He edited the "Atlantic Monthly" in 1862-1870; and was an acceptable lecturer on literary subjects and authors. He published: "Poems" (1849); "Yesterdays with Authors" (1872); "Hawthorne" (1875); "In and Out of Doors with Dickens" (1876); "Underbrush" (1881), essays; "Ballads and Other Verses" (1881); and (with h Edwin P. Whipple) edited "The Family Library of British Poetry" (1878). He died in Boston, Mass., April 24, 1881.
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Fields (ANNIE ADAMS an American poet)
ANNIE (ADAMS), an American poet and essayist, wife of James T. Fields; born in Boston, Mass., in 1834 became a leader charity organization and work. She published: "Under the Olive," poems (1881); "Biography of James T. Fields" (1884); "How to Help the Poor" (1885); "The Singing Shepherd"; "Authors and Their Friends"; "A Shelf of Old Books" (1896); "Life 66 and Letters of Harriet Beecher Stowe" (1897); "Charles Dudley Warner" (1904 (1904 ). She died in 1915. 191
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Fields, James Thomas
James Thomas (1817-1881), an American publisher, editor, and author. He was born at Portsmouth, New Hampshire . In 1834 he went to Boston, where a few years later he became junior partner in the firm of Ticknor, Reed, and Fields. Later this firm was changed to Ticknor and Fields and again to Fields and Osgood. He was editor of the Atlantic Monthly from 1861 until 1871. His published books include two volumes of poems, and several prose works, of which the best known are Yesterdays with Authors, In and Out of Doors with Dickens, Under brush, Barry Cornwall and Some of His Friends. Mr. Fields was a successful lecturer and was the author of many essays and critical reviews, not published in book form. Much of what is best in American literature has reached the public through Mr. Fields as publisher. Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter was one of the books whose beauty and power Mr. Fields was the first to perceive. The author believed its somber character would be a hindrance, and had little hope of success. Mr. Fields insisted on its publication. To the soundness of his judgment, the fact that five thousand copies, the entire first edition, were sold within two weeks sufficiently testifies.
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Fieri Facias
a writ which lies for him who has recovered in an action for debt or damages to the sheriff, commanding him to levy on the goods and chattels of the defendant the sum or debt recov ered. This writ lies as well against privileged persons as common persons, and against executors or administrators inst with regard to the goods of the deceased. It is commonly contracted to Fi. fa. (fē-es'kē), a
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Fieschi
JOSEPH Corsican conspirator. Having conceived a hatred for the French king, Louis Philippe, in consequence of the deprivation, by the prefect of the Seine, of a situation which he held, he constructed an infernal machine which he discharged from a house in the Boulevard-du- Temple, during a review of the National Guard, July 28, 1835. The king escaped unhurt, but Marshal Mortier and 17 killed and many more people were peop wounded. Fieschi, with his accomplices, Pepin and Morey, was guillotined, Feb. 16 16, 1836.
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Fiesole
fe-a'so-le, ancient Faesulae, a small town of Italy. It is situated four miles northeast of Florence. The town is rich in antiquities and architectural treasures. A large Roman theater, cloisters, a Romanesque church, and a cathedral are considered as interesting as anything in Florence. Tourists not in too great haste make a side trip of a day to Fiesole. The theater is imposing. Over twenty tiers of seats, some of them rock-hewn, radial stairways, vaulted substruction, and arched entrances, taken in connection with the enormous size of the building, indicate that Fiesole was a populous sporting city when Catiline made it his headquarters 63 B. C. The chief local industry is now the braiding of hats.
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Fife
a wind instrument resembling the flute. The melody is produced by blowing through a hole in a reed or tube. The current of air is regulated by opening and closing six holes with the fingers. A single key is sometimes added. The instrument has a compass of two to three octaves according to the skill of the player. The player of the fife may be recognized in the rock sculptures of the most ancient civilizations. Its notes are especially stirring. Fife and drum are associated traditionally in military music.
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Fifeshire
a maritime county of Scotland, in the eastern midland division. It has an area of 504 square miles and a coast line of 108. The surface is for the most part a succession of valleys and hills. Agriculture is carried on in an advanced state. There are important coal and iron mines and lime quarries. The chief industries are the manufacture of linens, oil-cloth, paper, and malt liquors. The principal river is Eden, which flows N. E. into the North Sea. Pop. about 270,000.
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Figuier, Guillaume Louis
A French writer and chemist, born at Montpellier in 1819. His uncle, Pierre Figuier, was professor of chemistry at the School of Pharmacy, Montpellier, and Louis, having taken his degree of doctor of medicine, and studied chemistry at the laboratory of Balard in Paris, was made professor of chemistry at the School of Pharmacy, Montpellier. He later-1853exchanged this post for a similar one in the School of Pharmacy of Paris. Thereafter many honorary degrees in science and medicine were conferred upon him by various faculties. In 1857 he finally left off teaching and devoted himself to the popularising of science, mainly physiology and medical chemistry. He published from time to time many notable works, and was not more distinguished for his prodigious output than for its literary quality. Of those works having a bearing on occult matters the principal are: le Lendemain de la mort ou La Vie future selon la science (1872) dealing with the transmigration of souls; l' Alchimie et les Alchimistes (1854); Histoire du merveilleux dans les temps modernes (1859-60); les Bonheurs d' outre tombe (1892.) He tried to popularize science by introducing on the stage plays whose heroes were savants and inventors. His attempt however, met with but a cold reception. In 1889 he published a volume of dramas and comedies, la Science au Theatre. He died at Paris in 1894.
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