Fisk
CLINTON BOWEN, an American soldier and publicist, born in 1828 at Greigsville, N. Y. For some time he was engaged in business in Michigan and then removed to St. Louis. He entered the Union army at the outbreak of the Civil War and in 1865 was brevetted major-general. He devoted the remainder of his life chiefly to the interests of the negro race and was assistant commissioner in the Freedmen's Bureau. He was instrumental in founding Fisk University. In 1884 he left the Republican party and joined the temperance movement. He was Prohibition candidate for Governor of New Jersey in 1886, and for President of the United States in 1888. He died in 1890.
FRANKLIN W., an American educator; born in Hopkinton, Vt., in 1820; was graduated at Yale University in 1849; taught there awhile; then became Professor of Rhetoric in the Seminary of Beloit, Wis. He was called to the Chicago Theological Seminary when that school was founded in 1859. Subsequently he was president of the seminary till 1900 when he resigned. He died in Chicago, Ill., July 4, 1901.
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Fisk University
a coeducational institution for colored persons in Nashville, Tenn.; founded in 1866 under the auspices of the Congregational Church.
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Fismes
FRANCE, a town in the department of the Marne, situated at the juncture of the Vesle and the Ardre, seventeen miles N. W. of Rheims. Shortly after the invasion of northern France by the Germans, in the summer of 1914, Fismes was occupied by them and used as a supply depot. They were finally troops, who ousted by the American entered the town on Aug. 4, 1918. Pop. about 3,000.
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Fissure
in ordinary language, a cleft; a narrow opening made by the parting or opening of any substance; a crack. In botany the opening of seedvessels, anthers etc. In heraldry, the sinister. In fourth part of the bend geology, a crack in the strata, produced take action, by volcanic or earthquake action, Fissure sidence, or any other cause. a of Glaser: In anatomy, fissure in the ear, separating the upper margin of the tympanic plate from the glenoid fossa. Fissure of Rolando: In anatomy, a fissure separating the parietal from the frontal lobe of the cerebrum. Fissure of Sylvius: In anatomy, a fissure or deep cleft commencing on the under surface of the brain, and passing transversely outward to the lateral surface of the hemisphere, where it divides into two limbs. Fissures of Santorini: In anatomy, irregular gaps transversely dividing the cartilaginous tube of the Great fissure of Bichat: In ear. anatomy, a fissure connecting the two limbs of the fissure of Sylvius.
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Fissure Needle
a spiral needle for drawing together the gaping lips of wounds. By revolution, the point is made to pierce the lips alternately, carrying its thread with it.
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Fistula
a shepherd's pipe; a waterpipe. In zoölogy, the intermediate subquadrangular pipe, in insects, formed by the union of the two branches of the anthia which conveys the nectar to the pharynx. In surgery, a long and sinuous ulcer, having a narrow opening, sometimes leading to a larger cavity, and which has no disposition to heal.
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Fitch
WILLIAM CLYDE, an American playwright and author; born in New York, May 2, 1865. He was educated at Hartford, Conn., and Amherst College, Amherst, Mass. He wrote a number of successful plays, among them "Beau Brummell" and "Bohemia," "The Climbers," "The Way of the World," "The Girl and the Judge," etc. He is also the author of "The Knighting of the Twins, and Ten Other Tales" and "Some Correspondence and Six Conversations." He died Sept. 4, 1909.
JOHN, an American inventor; born in East Windsor, Conn., Jan. 21, 1743; manufactured arms during the Revolutionary War. In 1786 he built a steamboat which could run eight miles an hour. Two years later a company Philadelphia, which was organized in Ph built a steampacket that ran on the Delaware river for about two years, when the company failed. He wrote a history of his work on the steamboat. He died in Bardstown, Ky., July 2, 1798.
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Fitch, John
John (1743-1798), an American inventor. He was born at Windsor, Connecticut, and died at Bardstown, Kentucky. He was a blacksmith in the Revolutionary army, passing the winter with Washington at Valley Forge . After the return of peace he traveled among the Indians of Pennsylvania, trading for furs. He was taken captive and had a hard time generally. In 1785 he constructed a model of a steamboat, and in 1787 he made a trip on the Delaware at Philadelphia with a forty-five foot steam-propelled boat. During the summer of 1790 a passenger boat ran regularly from Philadelphia to Burlington, twenty miles, but attracted little attention. In 1793 he went to France, but fell on the evil days of the French Revolution . He worked his way back to America in utter destitution and dejection. Whether his invention was a little early or a little crude, or whether he lacked the ability of inspiring enthusiasm in others, it is certain that Fitch was a most unfortunate man. He was a man of mechanical genius, yet he was reduced to beggary. The story of his appeals for financial assistance is a pitiful one. He took his own life in despair, leaving Robert Fulton to reap where he had sown.
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Fitchburg
a city and one of the county-seats of Worcester co., Mass., on the New York, New Haven, and Hartford, railroad; 50 miles N. W. of Boston. It comprises the villages of Traskville, Rockville, South Fitchburg, West Fitchburg, and Fitchburg Center. It contains a public library, high school, electric street railroad, electric lights, several National and savings banks, and a number of daily and weekly newspapers. There are manufactories of pianofortes, tools, machinery, paper, saws, electrical apparatus, steam engines, bicycles, firearms, cotton, and woolen goods, etc. Pop. (1910) 37,826; (1920) 41,013.
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Fitzroy
two Australian rivers, one in Western Australia and one in Queensland. The first rises in the King Leopold Mountains and after a westerly course of about 300 miles enters into King Sound on the Indian Ocean. It is navigable for about 100 miles. The Queensland river is formed by the junction of the Mackenzie and the Dawson rivers. It flows in an easterly direction into Keppel Bay on the Pacific coast. It is navigable for about 40 miles from its mouth.
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