Flageolet
in music, a small pipe with a mouth-piece inserted in a bulb (hence the derivation of the name from the same root from which the word flagon comes), producing a shrill sound, similar but much softer in quality than that produced from the flauto piccolo. It was formerly employed in the orchestra. Also the tone produced from a violin by lightly pressing the bow near the bridge upon lightly touched strings, is called flageolet or flute tone.
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Flagg
JAMES American artist and illustrator, born in MONTGOMERY, an Pelham Manor, N. Y., in 1877. He was educated privately and in the New York public schools. He studied at the Art Students' League in New York, and in Paris. In 1890 he began his work as an illustrator, and within a his work appeared in nearly all the imfew years portant magazines. He also illustrated several well-known books. He became well known as a painter of portraits. He wrote and illustrated several books, including "Yankee Girls Abroad" (1900); "Why They Married" (1906); "The Mystery of the Hated Man" ( ( 1916). During the World War he was appointed State military artist of New York and designed 45 war posters.
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Flagler
HENRY M., an American capitalist, born in Canandaigua, N. Y., in 1830. For several years he acted as a clerk in a country store, and was later a manufacturer of salt in Michigan. He came in association with John D. Rockefeller in the oil business, and became a member of the Standard Oil Co. He was vice-president and practical head of this corporation until 1908, and was a director until 1911. He was interested in the development of the east coast of Florida and built several of the largest hotels at Palm Beach, St. Augustine, and other resorts. He was also instrumental in the building of the Florida East Coast Railway and was a director in many other important railroads and financial institutions. He died in 1913. bold
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Flamborough Head
a promontory of England, on the Yorkshire coast, projecting a considerable distance into the sea; lat. 54°7′ N., lon. 0°5′ W. This is at once the most strik- ⚫ing and most celebrated headland on the E. coast of Great Britain, rising 450 feet sheer above the sea, having on its summit a lighthouse, 214 feet high, showing a revolving light. For the battle of Flamborough Head, see JONES, PAUL.
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Flamingo
a bird, Phœnicopterus ruber, which has very long legs, and in other respects so much resembles one of the grallatores (waders), that it long classed with them. But Swainson pointed out that its feet have the webbed toes of the duck, and the bill is a modification of a duck's bill. He therefore placed it with the natatorial (swimming) FLAMINGO birds. The plumage is rose-colored, the wing coverts red, the quill feathers of the wings black. It is about 3½ feet high. It is found in the S. of Europe, frequentthe seashore, and living on mollusca, ing fishes. Also the crustacea, and smaller genus Phœnicopterus, of which species Africa, and South exist in Europe, Asia, America. They are gregarious and migratory, moving in large flocks.
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Flammarion
CAMILLE (flä-märe-ôn'), a French astronomer, writer on descriptive astronomy, and "astronomical novelist"; born in Montigny-le-Roi, Haute-Marne, France, Feb. 25, 1842. He was designed by his parents for the Church, but went over to science, and by a long course of writings of a more or less popular character made his name widely known. "The Plurality of the wi Inhabited Worlds" (1862); "Celestial Wonders" (1865); 1865); "The Atmosphere" ); "Urania" (1889); "The Planet (1872 Mars and Its Habitability" (1892); "Popular Astronomy" (1894); and "Lumen" (1897), "Thunder and Lightning" (1906), "Mysterious Psychic Forces" (1907), etc., are among his best known works.
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Flank
one of the two parts of the body which enable it to bend; the part of the side of an animal between the ribs and the hip. As a military term, body of troops; either side of a the extremities of a body of soldiers in line, or the sides of a column, being termed the right and left flanks respectively. In any defense work, it is applied to that part from which a fire may be directed against the side or flank attacking party. Thus, the flanks of an ramof a bastion are those parts of the part and parapet which connect its faces with the extremities of the curtains of the enceinte on either side of it. A fire from the flanks is effective in preventing an attacking party from effecting a lodgment at the foot of the curtain that lies between them, which might be done with comparative cative ease and security if these portions of the work did not exist. A fire from the flanks of any bastion enfilades the ditch at the foot of the curtain. In architecture, the side of any building. In machinery, the straight part of the tooth of a wheel which receives the impulse. Flanks, in farriery, a wrench, strain, or other injury received by a horse in the back.
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Flannagan
JOHN, an American sculptor; born at Newark, N. J. He studied under Augustus Saint-Gaudens and in Paris. Among the most important works executed by him were the monumental clock in the Library of Congress; a bronze relief at the Newark Public Library; and a number of portrait busts and heads. He was awarded many medals for the excellence of his work, and was an associate of the National Academy and a member of the National Sculpture Society. FLAT. In music, a character of the form b, which depresses the note before which it is placed, a chromatic semitone. Thus Do signifies a semi-tone below D natural. On keyed instruments the short keys are the representatives of these flats and sharps. An accidental flat is one which, though not occurring at the commencement of the staff, is inserted in any other part of it, and only affects the bar in which it is placed. A flat fifth is an interval of a fifth depressed by a flat.
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