Flint (AUSTIN an American physician)
AUSTIN, an American physician; born in Petersham, Mass., Oct. 30, 1812; was graduated at the medical department of Harvard College in 1833. professional career began in North- His ampton, Mass., but after a few years' practice there he removed to Boston, thence to Buffalo, where he remained till 1844. He then accepted a call to a chair in the Rush Medical College in Chicago, where he established the Buffalo "Medical Journal" but soon returned to Buffalo, in 1846, and where later he was one of the founders, and for six years a professor, of the Buffalo Medical College. He was a professor in Louisville University in 1852-1856; Professor of Pathology in the Long Island College Hospital in 1861-1868; president of the New York Academy of Medicine in 1872-1875, and of the American Medical Association in 1884; delegate to the International Medical Congress in Philadelphia in 1876; etc. He was the author of numerous text-books, clinical reports and medical papers. He died in New York City, March 13, 1886.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Flint (City and county-seat)
a city and county-seat of Genesee co., Mich.; on the Flint river and on the Grand Trunk Western and the Père Marquette railroads; 64 miles N. N. W. of Detroit. Here are a court house, the State Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, a private retreat for the insane, a high school, waterworks, gas and electric lights, public library, a National bank and several daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. It has a large number of saw mills, carriage and wagon factories, automobile works, iron works, stove works, flour and woolen mills, etc. Pop. (1910) 38,550; (1920) 91,599.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Flint (Crypto-crystalline variety)
a crypto-crystalline variety of quartz. It is usually gray, smokebrown, or brownish black. If derived, as it mostly is, from the cretaceous formation, the white of the chalk is still seen on its external surface. Luster subvitreous; fracture conchoidal, leaving a cutting edge. Most of the flints scattered on the surface of the ground or existing in Tertiary or more recent sedimentary deposits came originally from the cretaceous rocks, one division of which is termed Upper White Chalk with flints, this being distinguished from the Lower ite Chalk without flints. Next to the White Maestricht beds and Faxe limestone, the chalk with flints constitutes the highest or newest layer yet discovered of the sedimentary rocks. The organic portion of flint pebbles consists of diatoms, seaweeds of low organization, the minute infusorial animals called polycistina, the spicules of sponges, with echinoderms, etc. They are the same as those in agate , solution and chalk. Liquor of flints a of flint in potassic hydrate. To skin a flint, to descend to any false economy or meanness to make a trifling sum of money. DR. SIMON FLEXNER
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Flint Glass
a species of glass made of white sand, 52; carbonate of potash, 14; oxide of lead, 33; alumina, 1; with metallic additions to neutralize color. Pure white sand free from oxide of iron is required for flint glass, as iron imparts a green color. The articles are made by the agency of the blow-pipe, or ponty, the mold and press, and frequently by a combination of blowing and pressing. The silica for its manufacture was formerly derived from pulverized flints, The presence of and hence its name. lead gives it a peculiar property of refracting light, which causes it to be used for lenses. Flint glass fuses at a lower temperature than ordinary glass, such i as crown, plate, or window glass. Flint glass is softer than some other varieties, and is the kind which is cut. It is much used for tumblers, fine tableware, and various articles of decorative furniture and fittings. generic
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Flint Implements
a term used for any implements of flint obtained from Pleistocene or more recent deposits, each being afterward named more specifically as its exact nature becomes understood. Evans divides the implements into three classes - spear heads, oval or almond-shaped ffint implements, and flint flakes. Such relics of early man had been found with the bones of an elephant, in 1715, in the gravel of London, England. Similar remains were exhumed at Hoxne, near Diss, in 1797, by John Frere. About 1833 or 1834, the 1 Rev. Mr. McEnery, a Roman Catholic priest, discovered similar ones in Kent's Hole, Torquay, in Devon, England. From about 1841, M. Boucher de Perthes, of Abbeville, collected flint implements from the valley of the Somme, in France, publishing the result in his "Celtic Antiquities," in 1847. Many flint implements have been found in the S. and E. of England, in Bedfordshire, in Suffolk, Hampshire, Wiltshire, and in the N. and N. E. of London, in Essex, in Buckinghamshire, etc. The oldest ones are palæolithic, and are unpolished; the newer neolithic, and are polished. The implements from the Somme are of the former kind, and are the oldest known. According to Prof. Boyd Dawkins, the river-drift man inhabiting the valleys of the Somme, the Thames, etc., was older than the cave man of Brixham, Kent's Hole, and other caverns. The former lived in the middle part of the Pleistocene (Lyell's Upper Pliocene) period and inhabited Palestine, India, and this country as well as Europe.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Flintshire
a maritime county of North Wales, with an area of 257 square miles and a coast line of about 20 miles. Only about one-seventh of the area is cultivated. The most important industry is mining, which includes coal, iron, lead, copper, and zinc. The chief rivers are the Dee, Alyn, and Clwyd. Pop. about 70,000. The chief town is Flint. Other important towns are St. Asaph, Holywell, and Hawarden. FLOATING DOCK. See Dock.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Floating Dock
. See Dock
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Flodden
a village of England, Northumberland county, near the Scottish border, 5 miles S. E. of Coldstream; memorable as being the scene of the battle of Flodden Field, one of the most sanguinary conflicts recorded in British history. James IV., King of Scotland, having invaded England with a large force, was encountered here, Sept. 9. 1513, by an English army under the Earl of Surrey. James, who was destitute of every martial quality except bravery, was killed, and his army totally defeated. The loss on the part of the Scots was extremely great. Besides the king himself, no fewer than 12 earls, 13 barons, and 5 eldest sons of peers, with a vast number of knights and persons of distinction, and probably about 10,000 common soldiers, were left dead on the field. The English loss was about 7,000. This is by far the most calamitous defeat recorded in Scottish annals; and there was scarcely a family of distinction in the kingdom who did not lose one or more members in it. Archibald Douglas, the great Earl of Angus, for instance, was killed, together with his six sons and 200 knights and gentlemen of the name of Douglas.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia