Flodden Hill
the most northeasterly eminence of the Cheviots. It is in Northumberland, near the Scottish border. It is now a sheep run. It is noted in history as the scene of the battle of Flodden, in which the Scots received a notable defeat at the hands of the English. King James IV , grandfather of Mary Queen of Scots, and the Earls of Huntley and Home assembled a large army at Edinburgh and marched southward to meet the English. The battle was fought September 9, 1513. A popular account of the Scottish forces, and of the bloody battle in which the Scots showed no lack of courage, may be read in Marmion. King, noble, and peasant fell before the English archers. When night came at last on Flodden Field, 10,000 Scots lay dead upon the hillside. It was the saddest day ever witnessed by Scotland. Seemingly not a home but mourned its dead. The pathetic side is well put by Jane Elliott in her Lament for Flodden Field: Dool and wae for the order, sent our lads to the Border! The English, for ance, by guile wan the day; The Flowers of the Forest, that fought aye the foremost, The prime of our land, are cauld in the clay. We'll hear nae mair lilting at the ewe-milking; Women and bairns are heartless and wae; Sighing and moaning on ilka green loaming-- The Flowers of the Forest are weded away.
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Floetz Rocks
in geology, a name applied by Werner and his followers to the Secondary rocks of Germany, bewere supposed to occur most cause they frequently in flat, horizontal beds. FLOODS are caused by excessive rains, giving rise to an overflow of the rivers; by the bursting of the banks of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs; by the sudden melting of ice and snow; and by irruptions of the sea, produced by high tides, wind storms driving the sea water inland, earthquakes, volcanic outbreaks, and the bursting of sea banks. The felling of forest trees throughout extensive tracts of mountainous country also tends to make the rivers which have their origin there swell rapidly after a heavy rainfall (see FORESTRY); good and complete drainage of land has the same tendency.
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Floor
in building, the surface on which a person walks in a room or house. It may be of masonry, brick, tiles, concrete, earth, boards. The term usually refers to boards laid close together, and nailed to timbers which are termed joists. A single floor is one in which the joists pass from side to side of the house, resting upon wall-plates and sustaining the floor above, and the ceiling of the room below. A double floor is one in which the primary timbers are binders which rest upon the wall-plates, and support the floor or bridging cidging joists and the ceiling joists. A framed floor has an additional member, which assumes the primary position. The girder rests on the wallplates and supports the binding joists, whose ends rest thereupon. The binding joists support the bridging or floor joists and the ceiling joists, as before described. In geology and archæology, the part of a cavern corresponding in situation to the floor of a house. As a nautical term the bottom part of the hold on each side of the keelson; the flat portion of a vessel's hold. In hydraulic engineering, the inner piece of the two which together form the bucket of an overshot water wheel. In mining, the bottom of a coal seam; the underlay on which the coal, lead, or iron ore rests. To take the floor: To rise to address a public meeting; also to stand up to dance (Irish).
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Floquet
CHARLES THOMAS (flō-tained by means of seven bridges. Florkā'), a French statesman; born in St. Jean de Luz in 1828; began life as a lawyer in Paris. His cry, "Vive la Pologne, Monsieur!" ("Hurrah for Poland, Sir!") addressed to the Czar Alexander in 1867, II., in the Palace of Justice. made him a political celebrity. On the fall of the empire he was appointed one of the deputy mayors of Paris, but was forced to resign on account of his complaisance toward the Red Republicans. munic- Later he was elected to the Paris ipal council, and in 1876 became one of the Deputies for Paris. He sat in the Chamber till 1882, when he was appointed entered the Prefect of the Seine; re- Chamber in 1882 and was elected its president in 1885, but resigned in April, 1888, to become prime minister. In 1889 he was again elected president of the candidate Chamber. He was the Radical in for the Presidency of the Republic by 1887; but his career was cut short died the Panama Canal scandal. He in Paris, Jan. 18, 1896.
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Florence
a city and county-seat Tennesof Lauderdale co., Ala.; on the and the see river, and on the Southern Here Louisville and Nashville railroads. , a high are the State Normal College a number school, several churches, and newspapers. The city has of weekly manufactories of iron, cotton, wagons, 6,689; ice, flour, stoves, etc. Pop. (1910) (1920) 10,529.
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Florence (City of South Carolina It)
a city of South Carolina, It is The county-seat of Florence co. on the Atlantic Coast Line and the railroads Southern Carolina Western . agricul- It is the center of an important tural region and has an important trade industries inin tobacco and cotton. Its clude cottonseed oil mills, railway repair , machine shops, lumber mills, etc. shops of the South Carolina In- It is the seat dustrial School and a State agricultural Within its borders experiment station. Pop. (1910) 7,is a national cemetery. 057; (1920) 10,968.
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Florentine School
a school of painting remarkable for greatness; for attitudes seemingly in motion; for a certain dark severity; for an expression of strength by which grace is perhaps excluded; and for a character of design approaching to the gigantic. This school has an indisputable title to the veneration of all the lovers of the arts, as the first in Italy which cultivated them.
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Flores
a department of Uruguay, with an area of 1,744 square miles. The surface is level and well watered. The chief industry is the raising of cattle. wheat and corn are also produced. The capital is Trinidad. Pop. about 25,000.
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