Franciscan
the followers of ST. FRANCIS (q. v.). Hearing accidentally in 1208, in a church the words of the Saviour (Matt. x:9, 10), he considered that the essence of the Gospel was absolute poverty, and founded an order on this basis, which ultimately became one of the two great fraternities of mendicant friars. To manifest his humility he would not allow his followers to be called brethren (in Lat. fratres), but only little brothers, a designation which they still retain. Pope Innocent III., in 1210, and a council of Lateran, in 1215, approved of his rules for the government of his order, which enjoined poverty, chastity, and obedience, and in 1223 Pope Honorius III. issued a bull in his favor. He died in Assisi, in 1226, and in 1230 was canonized by Pope Gregory IX., the anniversary of his death, Oct. 4, being fixed as his festival. In 1224, Franciscans went over to England. From 1228 till 1259 they contended with the Dominicans about precedency. At the suppression of the monasteries in England under Henry VIII., 1536-1538, the Franciscans had 66 abbeys or other religious houses. Their dress was a loose garment of gray color, reaching to their ankles, and a gray cowl, covered when they went into the streets, with a cloak. They were called Grayfriars. The order, in the course of its history, split into various branches.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Francke, August
fran'ke, August (1663-1727), a noted German educator. He was born at Lubeck and was educated chiefly at Leipsic. After holding various educational positions, he became a professor in the University of Halle. He belongs to the same group of men as Pestalozzi. He became deeply interested in the deplorably ignorant and neglected condition of the children of the poor. He established an orphan asylum, a school for the poor, and a training school for teachers at Halle. During his lifetime he had the privilege of seeing his institutions attended by over 2,000 pupils of various sorts. His institutions are still maintained by the city of Halle. The schools now form an integral part of the public educational system. Students of European schools consider a visit to the Francke institutions indispensable. Francke is one of the best known names in the history of German education. See Halle
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Frank
ROYAL THAXTER, an American military officer; born in Gray, Me., May 6, 1836; was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1864. During the Civil War he was brevetted major and lieutenant-colonel for bravery at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. Later was promoted colonel of the 1st United States Artillery and was in command of the Artillery School at Fort Monroe in 1888-1898. He was promoted Brigadier- General in 1898. He died March 18, 1908.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Frank, Christian
A visionary, who died in 1590; he frequently changed his religion, which fact gained for him the surname of Weathercock. He believed the religion of Japan to be the best, because he had read that its ministers were ecstatics.
Only in An Encyclopaedia of Occultism
Frank, Sebastian
A visionary of the sixteenth century, of whose life little is known. In 1531, he published a treatise on l'Arbu de la science du bien et du mal, dont Adam a mangé la mort, et dont encore aujourd'hui tous les hommes la mangent. Fraud According to him, the sin of Adam is but an allegory, and the tree only the person, will, knowledge, and life of Adam. Frank died in 1545. "Frankenstein," by Mrs. Shelley. (See Fiction, Occult English.
Only in An Encyclopaedia of Occultism
Frankau
GILBERT. A British novelist. He was born in 1884 and was educated at Eton. He entered his father's business on leaving school and did not commence writing till 1910. In 1912 he produced his first book, "One of Us," and during the next two years traveled around the world. He fought in the World War at Loos, Ypres, and on the Somme, became Staff Captain in 1916, and was invalided from service in 1918. In 1914 he wrote "Tid'apa," and during the war "The Guns," "The City of Fear," "The Woman of the Horizon," and "The Judgment of Valhalla." In 1919 appeared "One of Them."
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Frankenstein
a novel by Mrs. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, wife of the poet Shelley. The story was published in 1817. Frankenstein is a young student who yearns to create a living being. The idea is borrowed doubtless from the old myths of Prometheus and Pygmalion, but, lacking the poetic beauty of the old tales, it seems the result of a morbid and despondent imagination. Frankenstein, after a long series of laboratory experiments, creates a monster from materials found in the dissecting room and succeeds in giving it life. Lacking soul, the creature is a fiend, who becomes the curse of the creator. He slays Frankenstein's friend, strangles his bride, and pursues him over land and sea. Finally Frankenstein dies on shipboard, and the monster leaps over the ship's side and disappears. As Frankenstein neglected name as well as soul in his creative experiments, his own name has come to be given to the monster, to whom frequent reference is made in literature. Mrs. Shelley's story possesses a strange, uncanny fascination for the average reader. It may, in this respect, be compared to Stevenson's Dr. Jekyl and Mr. Hyde.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Frankenthal
a city of Germany, in the Bavarian Palatinate, eight miles N. W. of Mannheim and near the Rhine canal. As an important industrial center is especially famous for its production of iron and steel machinery, and toys, soap and cement. Pop. about 19,000. It is on the
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Frankfort
a city, capital of the State of Kentucky, and county-seat of Franklin co .; on the Kentucky river, and on the Chesapeake and Ohio, and the Louisville and Nashville railroads; 65 miles E. of Louisville. The city is built on a high plain and is regularly laid out. Here are the capitol, court house, governor's residence, the Kentucky Military Institute, the State Home for Feeble -Minded Children, State Colored Normal School, penitentiary, Young Men's Public Library, Odd Fel lows' Hall, King's Daughters' Hospital , street railroad and electric light plants, waterworks, several banks, and a number of daily and weekly newspapers. It has manufactories of brooms, shoes, furniture, lumber, flour , twine, carriages. On one of the hills in the vicinity of the city is a cemetery where lie the remains of Daniel Boone, several governors, and other prominent persons of the State. Pop. (1910) 10,465; ( 1920) 9,805.
a city of Indiana, the county-seat of Clinton co. Chicago, Indianapolis and Louisville, the Lake Erie and Western, the Vandalia , and the Toledo, St. Louis and Western railroads. It is the center of an important agricultural region. Its industries include the manufacture of kitchen cabinets, brick, lumber , agricultural implements, etc. There are several large wholesale grocer establishments and railroad repair shops. Among the important public buildings are a Carnegie library, a court house, and school. Pop. (1910) 8,634; ( 1920) 11,- 585. a high
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia