Frazier
LYNN JOSEPH, United States Senator, was born in Steele County, Minnesota, December 21, 1874. He graduated from the Grafton, North Dakota, High School, the Mayville State Normal School, 1895 , and the University of North Dakota, 1901. From boyhood he was engaged in farming. As the candidate of the Non -Partisan League (q. v.) he was three times elected governor of North Dakota , being recalled at a special election October 28, 1921. In 1922, with the backing of the League, he obtained the Republican nomination for the U. S. Senatorship and was elected for the term 1923-29. G
JAMES B., a States senator from Tennessee, born in Pikeville, Tenn., in 1856. He graduated from the University of Tennessee in 1888 and studied law at that institution. He was admitted to the bar in 1891 and began practice in Chattanooga, Tenn. He was governor of Tennessee from 1903 to 1905, and again from 1905 to 1907. He was elected United States senator in 1905 to fill the unexpired term of William B. Bate, and resigned as governor in the same year.
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Frederic
HAROLD, an American journalist and novelist; born in Utica, N. Y., Aug. 19, 1856. He was for many years London correspondent of the New York "Times." Among Among his stories are: "The Lawton Girl"; "The Valley"; "The Vol. IV-Cyc-N Copperhead," a tale of the Civil War; "The Damnation of Theron Ware"; and "March Hares." He died in Hornby, England, Oct. 19, 1898.
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Fredericksburg
BATTLE OF. On Dec. 13, 1862, General Burnside crossed the Rappahannock river at Fredericksburg, and attacked the Confederates, who, under General Lee, occupied a strong position on the heights. The Union forces were estimated at 100,- 000 men and the Confederate at 80,000. The battle, after raging with desperate violence through the day, terminated in the defeat of General Burnside. Little fighting took place Dec. 14 and 15, and on Dec. 16 the Union forces recrossed the river with opposition. The Union loss was 1,138 killed, 9,105 wounded, and 2,078 missing; while the Confederate loss amounted to 595 killed, 4,061 wounded, and 653 missing.
a city in Spottsylvania co., Va.; on the S. bank of the Rappahannock river, and on the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac, and the Potomac, Fredericksburg and Piedmont railroads; 61 miles N. of Richmond. It is situated in a valley surrounded by high hills. Here are a public library, a military school, an orphan asylum, waterworks, electric lights, a National bank, and several daily and weekly newspapers. It has tanneries, iron works, cigars, ice, and shoe factories, woolen, silk, and flour mills, etc. It was the scene of several battles during the Civil War. Pop. (1910) 5,874; (1920) 5,882.
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Frederiksberg
a city of Denmark, a western suburban municipality near Copenhagen, the Danish capital. It is laid out with handsome residences and public parks. One of its prominent features is the Royal Military Academy, in the Frederiksberg Palace, an ancient building of historical interest. Here, also, is located the Royal Porcelain Works, in which the king himself is financially interested. Pop. about 97,000.
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Fredonia
a village of New York, in Chautauqua co. It is on the Dunkirk, Allegheny Valley and Pittsburgh Railroad. The town is the center of an important fruit-growing region and has canning establishments and patent medicine factories. It is in the famous grape belt district of New York. The village is the seat of a State normal school and has a public library. Pop. (1910) 5,285; (1920) 6,051.
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Free Church of England
an evangelical Protestant denomination founded on the basis of recognizing only presbyters presbyters two orders the first being , and the second deacons. "Nevertheless, the first order is divided into two distinct offices, viz., bishops and presbyters. This Church maintains the ecclesiastical parity of presbyters, whether episcopally or otherwise ordained." The governing body is the Convocation, consisting of all the clergy and laity in the several churches. The impulse which gave the Church birth was communicated by the Tractarian movement of 1832, a reaction against which created few "free a churches" in the W. of England; the Shore controversy (1843-1849) and the Gorham case (1849-1850) promoted its development. It was enrolled in chancery by a deed poll in 1863. A primus was consecrated in 1876 by a bishop of the Reformed Church in America. The bishops are in the Canterbury line of Episcopal succession.
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Free Church of Scotland
the name assumed by the large number of ministers and their adherents who left the Scottish Establishment at the "Disruption" of May 18, 1843. They had seceded in vindication of what they called the "Headship of Christ," i. e., to gain liberty to obey what they deemed the will of their Divine Lord in all Church arrangements. When the disruption took place, the financial difficulties which the secessionists had to face were very formidable. Wherever the Free Church had adherents, which was in nearly every parish, fresh places of worship had to be provided for the ministers whose stipends were gone. All the Scottish established missionaries to the Jews or the Gentiles, having joined the seceding party, had to be provided for. Theological colleges had also to be built, day schools and manses provided in connection with the several churches. One part of the financial arrangements which has attracted most notice, was the sustentation fund.
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Free Cities
in German history, a considerable number of towns that in the midst of the confusion of the Middle Ages succeeded in maintaining a more or less complete independence. All were walled towns of commercial importance. In return for contributions to the purse of the reigning king or emperor within whose territory they were situated, the free cities obtained permission to govern themselves through local councils. In the absence of anything like a modern system of taxation, sovereigns were glad to obtain a revenue in this way. These cities were, to all intents and purposes, states, ranking with the grand duchies. Their mayors ranked with the smaller nobility and were entitled to seats in the Imperial Diet. Free from the interference and exactions of rulers, these cities, when not subject to the worse tyranny of local factions, became centers of free thought and expression,--the homes of art and literature. At the time of the French Revolution there were fifty-one free towns including Cologne, Aix-la-Chapelle, Worms, Spires, Augsburg, Nuremberg, and Ulm. Most of these lost their charters during or at the close of the Napoleonic wars. At the present time, Hamburg, Lubeck, and Bremen are the only free cities. Frankfurt had the bad judgment to side with the Austrians in the war of 1866, and was punished by being reduced to the rank of an ordinary Prussian city. See Hanseatic League
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