Frisians
or FRISII (later called Frisones), an ancient Germanic people, who inhabited the extreme N. W. of Germany, between the mouths of the Rhine and Ems, and were subjected to the Roman power under Drusus. They were subdued by the Franks, and, on the division of the Carlovingian empire, their country was divided into West Frisian (West Friesland), and East Frisian (East Friesland). The language of the Frisians is intermediate between the Anglo-Saxon and the Old Norse. Our knowledge of the old Frisian is derived from certain collections of laws; as the "Asegabuch," composed about 1200; the "Brockmerbrief," in the 13th century; the "Epnsiger Domen," about 1300, and some others. The modern Frisian is now spoken only in a few districts, and even in these only by the peasantry.
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Frith
WILLIAM POWELL, an English painter; born in Studley, England, in 1819; became a Royal Academician in 1853; received the decoration of the Legion of Honor in 1878; honorary member of the principal art academies in Europe. His paintings include "Derby Day" (1858); "The Railway Station" (1862); and "The Marriage of the Prince of Wales" (1865). He wrote and Reminiscences" "Autobiography (1887) and "Further Reminiscences" (1888). He died in 1909.
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Fritzlar, Martin Von
German alchemist. (Circa, 1750.) The dates of the birth and death of this alchemist have never been ascertained, but he is known to have lived in the first half of the eighteenth century, while he appears to have been a Hessian, resident chiefly at the village of Firtzlar. While a young man, he studied pharmacy, intending to make it his profession; but he soon grew interested in the quest of gold-making, and, when the celebrated alchemist, Lascaris , came to Germany, Martin hastened to his presence with a view to gleaning his secrets. Along with several other young men, the Hessian was allowed to witness numerous experiments, and while he watched them, it seemed to him that the great secret lay open before him; but afterwards, when he made attempts on his own account, he found that Lascaris had duped him shamefully, and had even taken advantage of his ignorance. Thereupon, in contradistinction to the majority of thwarted alchemists, he renounced the futile search altogether, vowed fealty to his original calling, and devoted the rest of his life thereto.
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Frohman
CHARLES, an American theatrical manager. Born in Sandusky, , in 1860, while yet a boy he was Ohio an minstrel show. advance agent of a Early in 1880, he entered the business of theatrical manager for several stock companies and, in 1893, became director of the Empire Theater in New York. figure in the syndicate known as the Theatrical Trust. Among the stars brought out by Frohman are Maude Adams and John Drew. In 1905-1906 he managed E. H. Sothern and Julia Mar lowe in their Shakespearean productions. The exchange of plays betwen England Frohman, and America was fostered by who was likewise interested in several London theaters. He met his death when the steamship "Lusitania" was sunk by a German submarine in May, 1915.
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Froissart
JEAN (froi'särt or frwä-sär'), French chronicler; born in Valenciennes, in Hainault, in 1337. He began at 20 to write the history of the wars of the time. His "Chronicle," covering the years 1326-1400, is of capital importance for its period. To a collection of the verses of Wenceslaus of Brabant, Froissart added some of his own, and gave to the whole the title "Meliador, or the Knight of the Golden Sun." All his extant poems were published at Brussels in 3 vols. 1870-1872. He died in Chimay, 1416 (?).
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Front-plate
A cast-iron plate to which chest, port, and exhaust cores are secured sometimes, when a cylinder on which the steam-chest is to be cast is made in loam. Also a plate to cover the breast of a cupola when the hole is made large enough for drawing the cinders and slag when done melting, as must be the case with all cupolas having solid bottoms. See CUPOLA; BREAST; SPOUT.
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Frontal Bone
a bone, double in the fœtus, single in the adult, situate at the base of the cranium, at the superior part of the face. It forms the vault of the orbit, lodges the ethmoid bone in a notch in its middle part, and is articulated besides with the sphenoid, parietal, and the nasal bones, the ossa nasales, superior maxillary, and malar bones.
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Frontenac
LOUIS DE BUADE, COMTE DE, a French colonial officer; born in France in 1620. He entered the army in 1635, and at an early age became brigadier. In 1672 he was appointed governor of the French possessions in North America, to be recalled ed 10 years later, in consequence of endless quarrels with his intendant and the Jesuits. He had gained the confidence of the settlers and the respect of the Indians. In 1689, when to the attacks from the Iroquois the misery of a war with England was added, he was again sent out by the king. During the next nine years he loosed his savage allies on the villages of New England, repulsed a British attack on Quebec, and broke the power of the Iroquois. He died in Quebec, Nov. 28, 1698.
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Froschdorf
a village in Lower Austria, rather more than 30 miles from Vienna, and not far from the frontiers of Hungary, on the right bank of the Leitha river; called by the French Frohsdorf. It is celebrated for its splendid castle, which acquired a kind of political importance, from having been, since 1844, the residence of the Duchess d'Angoulême and the rendezvous of the elder Bourbon party. After the death of the duchess it came into the possession of the Comte de Chambord.
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Frost
ROBERT, an American educator and writer, born in San Francisco in 1875. He studied at Dartmouth College in 1892 and at Harvard, from 1897 to 1899. From 1900 to 1905 he was engaged in farming in Derry, N. H., and from 1905 to 1911 was a teacher of English at the Pinkerton Academy in that town. He lived in Europe in 1912 and 1915. His first book of poems was "A Boy's Will" (1913). He first attained wide notice at the publication of the book of poems entitled "North of Boston" (1914). This placed him in the first rank of the younger American poets. Mountain Interval followed in 1916.
ARTHUR BURDETT, an American illustrator and author, 'born in Philadelphia in 1851. He was selftaught in art and in 1900 exhibited at the Paris Exposition. He became especially noted for his drawings of animals, and for the illustration of many humorous books, including books written by himself. Among his writings are "Bull Calf and Other Tales"; "Stuff and Nonsense"; "Sports and Games in the Open"; "Book of Drawings" (1905); and "Carlo" (1913).
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