Frankland (SIR EDWARD an English chemist)
SIR EDWARD, an English chemist; born in Churchtown, England, in 1825; studied chemistry in the Museum of Practical Geology and in Germany under Bunsen. He made the discovery of the union of organic radicles with metals, announcing in 1850 the preparation of compounds of zinc with methyl and ethyl. From this he deduced the conclusion that an atom of the metal could only attach itself to a definite number of the atoms of other elements, which discovery led to the theory of "equivalents." He was appointed Professor of Chemistry at Owens College, Manchester, in 1851, and there developed the process of making water gas. Becoming Professor of Chemistry in the Royal School of Mines in 1865 he turned his attention to water analysis, the purification of sewage and the means of preventing pollution. Subsequently he proved that compressed gases are caspectrum, from which he concluded that the photosphere of the sun was atmospheric. He also investigated the chemistry of foods. He died in Norway, Aug. 11, 1899.
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Frankland (STATE OF in North Carolina)
STATE OF, in 1784 North Carolina ceded her W. lands to the United States. The inhabitants of East Tennessee, piqued at being thus disposed of, and alleging that no provision was made for their defense or the administration of justice, assembled in convention and took measures to form a new and independent State. Notwithstanding the fact that North Carolina, willing to compromise, repealed the act of cession the same year, the scheme was urged forward and at a second convention, Dec. 14, steps were taken toward the organization of a separate State under the name of Frankland. A provisional government was set up. John Sevier was chosen governor, and the machinery of an independent State was put in motion. Very soon rivalries and jealousies appeared, opposing parties arose and divided the people, and a third party favoring adherence to North Carolina led by Colonel Tipton, showed much increasing strength. Party spirit ran high. Frankland had two sets of officers, and civil war became imminent. Finally an armed collision between the men under Tipton and Sevier took place. The latter were defeated, arrested and taken to prison in irons. Frankland had received its deathblow. The assembly of North Carolina passed an act of oblivion, and offered pardon to all offenders, whereupon the troubles ceased.
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Franklin (City of Massachusetts)
a city of Massachusetts, in Norfolk co. It is on the New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad, and includes the village of Unionville. Its industries include the manufacture of pianos, printing presses, straw hats, and cotton, woolen, and felt goods . It has an almshouse, a public library , and is the seat of Dean Academy. Pop. (1910) 5,641; (1920) 6,497.
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Franklin (City of New Hampshire)
a city of New Hampshire, in Merrimack co. It is at the junction of the Pemigewasset and Winnipesaukee rivers, which here unite to form the Merrimack , and is on the Boston and Maine Railroad. The city has excellent water power and has manufactures of paper and pulp, hosiery , knitting machines, woolen goods, lumber, etc. Franklin is the birthplace of Daniel Webster, and contains a public library and a hospital. Pop. (1910) 6,132; (1920) 6,318.
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Franklin (City of Pennsylvania It)
a city of Pennsylvania, It is the county-seat of Venango co. on the Allegheny river, and on the Pennsylvania, the Erie, the Lake Erie, Franklin, and Clarion, and the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroads. Its industries include flour mills, brick works, machine shops, and manufactures of tools. It is the center of an important oil-producing region. There are a public library, parks, and several handsome public buildings. Pop. (1910) 9,767; (1920) 9,970.
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Franklin College
a coeducational institution in Franklin, Ind., founded in 1834 under the auspices of the Baptist Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 16; students, 259; president, C. E. Goodell, A. M.
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Franklin Institute
THE, of the State of Pennsylvania for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts, an institution established in Philadelphia in 1824, for the dissemination of knowledge of the arts and sciences. It combines many features of the mechanical institutes and of the scientific societies. The work of the institution is carried on by means of lectures, reports, libraries, exhibitions, and instruction. Publication of a journal was begun in 1826 and has continued without interruption. The library contains about 75,000 volumes. A school of mechanical and architectural drawing is conducted and there are also night schools in machine design and naval architecture. There are also schools for the instruction of English and ancient and modern languages. The institute is open to all persons of legal age on payment of dues.
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Franks
the name of a confederation which was formed about A. D. 240, by the tribes dwelling on the banks of the Lower Rhine and the Weser, who united under the title of Franks or free men. They invaded Gaul in 256, and for 12 years ravaged that country and Spain, extending their incursions as far as the opposite continent of Africa. Probus drove them back into their native marshes in 277; but their influence gradually increased, and after the death of Constantine I., in 337, they constituted a powerful faction at the imperial court. In 355 they again invaded Gaul, and were defeated by Julian, who permitted them to establish a colony in Brabant or Taxandria. In 418 they again invaded Gaul, where, under their leader Pharamond, they founded the modern kingdom of FRANCE (q. v.).
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Franz
ROBERT, a German musician; born in Halle, Prussia, June 28, 1815. He was famous for his songs, which were of a peculiar lyric beauty. His first published composition appeared in 1843. The latter years of his life were spent in editing the works of Bach, Handel, etc. He died in Halle, Oct. 24, 1892.
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Fraternal Organizations
associations for good fellowship and helpfulness. The enrollment of members in the different orders for the United States and Canada, according to the World's Almanac for 1909, was: Odd Fellows 1,396,319 Freemasons 1,288,562 Modern Woodmen of America 1,059,221 Knights of Pythias 698,536 Independent Order of Rechabites 491,000 Woodmen of the World 529,023 Improved Order of Red Men 471,661 Knights of the Maccabees 285,841 Royal Arcanum 240,850 Ancient Order of United Workmen 219,729 Independent Order of Foresters 260,000 Order of Eagles 311,159 Foresters of America 235,441 Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks 284,321 Ancient Order of Hibernians 217,000 Knights of Columbus 210,078 Junior Order of Unit. Amer. Mechanics 194,741 Ladies of the Maccabees 156,609 Knights of the Modern Maccabees 112,846 Ladies' Catholic Benevolent Association 102,129 Tribe of Ben Hur 100,315 Knights and Ladies of Honor 96,000 Improved Order of Heptasophs 77,389 Knights of the Golden Eagle 71,960 National Union 62,000 Brotherhood of American Yeomen 61,671 Protected Home Circle 65,273 Catholic Mutual Benefit Association 59,442 Order of Gleaners 56,000 Court of Honor 65,000 Brith Abraham Order 61,389 New England Order of Protection 54,119 Knights of Honor 40,126 Ancient Order of Foresters 40,992 United Order of American Mechanics 36,554 Sons of Temperance 34,879 Independent Order of B'nai B'rith 30,283 Knights of Malta 30,000 Smaller organizations 536,642 Total. . . . . . . 10,175,976
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