Fugitive Slave Law
a law man" (1893) was received with extraorconferred on him the Legion of Honor in
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Single-source entries: F (51)
Each of these 11 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
Fugue
in music, a polyphonic composition constructed on one or more short subjects or themes, which are harmonized according to the laws of counterpoint, and introduced from time to time with various contrapuntal devices; the interest in these frequently heard themes being sustained by diminishing the interval of time at which they follow each other, and monotony being avoided by the occasional use of episodes, or passages open to free treatment. The chief elements of a fugue are: (1) the subject; (2) the counter-subject, or contrapuntal harmonization of the answer by the part which has finished the enunciation of the subject; (3) the answer; (4) episodes; (5) the stretto; and (6) the pedal point.
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Fukien
or FOKIEN, a province of China, situated on the sea-coast. It has an area of 46,320 square miles and an estimated population of 8,560,000. The capital is Foochow. Formosa, formerly a part of the province, was separated from it in 1886. Low mountain ranges cross from southwest to northeast. The only level tracts are found near the mouths of the Min and Lung rivers. The soil is well adapted to cultivation and produces large quantities of tea, rice, sweet potatoes, wheat, indigo, sugar, etc. There is also an important lumbering industry in the interior. Tea is grown widely. The province has been for centuries noted for its production of porcelain. The two treaty ports are Foochow and Amoy. In 1889 another port, San Tu Ao, was voluntarily opened to foreign trade.
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Fukuoka
a city of Japan, on the north coast of Kiushiu. It has a number of important buildings, including a castle, and has a public garden. Pop. about 85,000.
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Fullam
or FULHAM (from Fulham, a suburb of London, England, which was a notorious resort of blacklegs in the reign of Queen Elizabeth), false dice.
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Fuller's Earth
in mineralogy, smectite; an argillaceous earth, used by fullers to absorb the oil or grease with which woolen cloth has been treated during previous manufacture. Also kaolinite. In geology, a stratum belonging to the Lower Oölite, in some instances, lyin ing certain loca localities, just below the Great Oölite, while in others it is wholly absent. Its characteristic fossil is an oyster (Ostrea acuminata). In all about 60 mollusca are found in the fuller's earth, 50 being lamellibranchiate bivalves, 10 brachiopoda, three gasteropods, and seven or eight cephalopoda.
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Fulton, Robert
Robert (1765-1815), the earliest builder of a successful steamboat. He was a native of Pennsylvania. In 1786 he went to England to study portrait painting. After a few years he turned his attention to engineering and inventions. He acquainted himself with the latest attempts at steam navigation in England and France. He is credited with the invention of the torpedo, which he vainly endeavored to bring to the attention of Napoleon. In 1806 he returned to America full of his new ideas, and began experimenting in the application of steam to the propelling of boats. In 1807 his steamboat, the Clermont, made the trip successfully from New York to Albany, and ran with regularity for some time thereafter on the Hudson River . This was the beginning of permanent steamboat navigation on the rivers of the United States . See Steamboat ; Fitch ; Hudson
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Fulvia
An ambitious woman, wife of the tribune Clodius, afterward of Curio, and lastly of Antony. Antony divorced her for Cleopatra . She attempted to avenge her wrongs by persuading Augustus to take up arms against Antony. See page 86. Cupid. I2I Gaea or Ge. Called Tellus by the Romans, the personification of the earth, is described as the first being that sprung from Chaos , and gave birth to Uranus (Heaven) and Pontus (Sea). By Uranus she became the mother of the Titans, who were hated by their father. Ge therefore concealed them in the bosom of the earth; and she made a large iron sickle, with which Cronos (Saturn) mutilated Uranus. Ge or Tellus was regarded by both Greeks and Romans as one of the gods of the nether world, and hence is frequently mentioned where they are invoked. Gaius or Caius. A celebrated Roman jurist, who wrote under Antoninus Pius and M. Aurelius. One of his chief works was an elementary treatise on Roman law, entitled Institutiones, in four books, which was the ordinary text-book used by those who were commencing the study of the Roman law, until the compilation of the Institutiones of Justinian. This work was lost for centuries, until discovered by Niebuhr in 1816 at Verona .
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Funchal
the capital and seaport of the island of Madeira, in the center of a large bay on the S. coast. It is irregularly built; the streets are narrow, winding, ill-paved, and dirty. An old castle, which commands the roads, stands on the top of a steep, black rock, called Loo Rock, surrounded by the sea at high water. The entire produce of the island, consisting mostly of wine and sweetmeats, is exported from Funchal. Pop. about 20,000, among whom are many 1 2 امساله 1. Fly Mushroom 2. Sulphur Tuft English, French, Portuguese, and mulatto and negro freedmen. See MADEIRA.
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Funck-Brentano
THEOPHILE (fönk-bren-tä nö), a French philosophical and critical writer; born in Luxemburg, Aug. 20, 1830. His thorough studies in law and medicine imparted to his philosophical writings an exactitude of thought and inspired a special stress on method, as in "New Thoughts and Maxims" (1858); "Exact Thought in Philosophy" (1869); "Greek Sophists and Contemporary English Sophists" (1879); "The French Sophists" (1905).
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Function
in physiology, the proper of any organ in the office animal or vegetable economy. Thus the function of the lachrymal gland is to secrete tears; of the liver, to secrete bile; of the stomach, gastric juice, the fluid to digest the food. The three most important of all the functions, as those of the heart, lungs, and brain, are called the vital functions, from being necessary for the support of the living body. In mathematics, one quantity is said to be a function of another, or of several others, when its value depends on those of the latter. Thus the area of a triangle is a function of its three sides, and y=a+bx+cx² is a function of a, b, c, and x. Functions receive distinctive names according to the nature of the dependence above referred to. Thus the function above written is said to be an algebraical function of x, since y is obtainable from a by the performance of a limited and definite number of algebraical operations. Log x, sin x, a", on the other hand, are said to be transcendental functions of a, and for obvious reasons receive the distinctive names of logarithmic, trigonometrical and exponential functions.
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