Freemantle
a city of Australia, the chief seaport on the West Coast of Australia, situated at the mouth of the Swan River and twelve miles from Perth. Some thirty years ago it acquired importance on account of the rush of gold hunters to this part of Australia, extensive placer diggings being developed at various points in the interior. It is now of considerable importance as the point of export of leather and lumber, and for its shipyards . A large supply of salt is obtained from the salt works established by the government on an island in the large but rather shallow harbor. The pop. is about 22,000. The
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Freeport
a village of Long Island, residential place, although fishing is carried on to some extent . There are a high school and two large club houses. Pop. (1910) 4,836; (1920) 8,599. sumed by those who, disbelieving in rev-
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Freeport
a city and county-seat river, and on the Illinois Central, the Chicago and Northwestern, and other railroads; 121 miles W. of Chicago. It contains a public library, St. Francis Hospital, waterworks, a street railroad, electric lights, National and State banks, manufactories of hardware, wind-mills, and daily and weekly weekly newspapers. It has wagons and buggies, and railroad shops. Pop. (1910) 17,567; (1920) 19,669. in Nassau co., New York. It is entirely a
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Freethinker
a name often aselation, feel themselves free to adopt any which may result from their own indeopinion in religious or other matters pendent thinking. The name was speand 18th centuries took part on the anticially claimed by those who in the 17th Christian side in the deistic controversy. ish west African colony of Sierra Leone.
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Freetown
the capital of the Brit- It is on the left bank of the Sierra Leone river, about 5 miles from the coast. It is an important coaling station and is the headquarters of the British forces in west Africa. It has an excellent harbor which is well protected by fortifications . Among the notable buildings are a cathedral, a governor's palace, a technical school, and Fourah Bay College. Freetown is the chief seaport of west Africa and has important exports, including rubber, palm oil, nuts, and ginger. Pop. about 35,000.
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Freezing
A technical term for the particular state of molten metal when it is losing its fluidity, or changing from the liquid to the solid state. See CONGEAL; SETTING.
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Freiberg
a mining town of Saxony, 19 miles from Dresden. It is the capital of the mining district of Saxony, and contains a mining academy founded in 1765, with 13 professors, fine scientific collections, among which is the celebrated collection of precious stones amassed by Werner, and a large the library. There is a fine relic called Golden Portal belonging to the ancient Church, which stood on the site of the its Gothic cathedral. The town owes origin to the discovery of silver mines. It is said to have about 150 mines of silver, copper, lead, and cobalt in its vicinity; but their product has fallen off. The manufactures are chiefly metal ware, feather goods, pigments, etc. Here, on Oct. 29, 1762, Prince Henry of Prussia defeated the allied Austrian and Saxon army. Pop. about 36,000.
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Freiburg
or FRIBOURG, a canton of Switzerland, between the canton of Berne and the Pays de Vaud; area, 564 square miles; rivers, the Broie and the Sarine. The principal lake is Morat. Freiburg is finely diversified with every kind of scenery, Alpine mountains, and verdant valleys. It lies principally in the basin of the Aar, and in the S. and E. is traversed by branches of the Bernese Alps, in which are Mt. Moleson, Dent de Folligrau, and Dent de Breulaire, respectively 6,580, 7,710 and 7,720 feet above the level of the sea. Cattle rearing and dairy husbandry are extensively followed. The annual product of cheese is about 40,000 hundredweight, principally the famous Gruyère cheese. Peat and timber are important products. Of the population, seven-eighths are Roman Catholics. Its capital, of the same name, occupies a wild and romantic situation on the Sarine, 16 miles from Berne. The best buildings are the Jesuits' Church and the Cathedral of St. Nicholas; the latter has a spire of 376 feet in height, and an organ of 7,800 pipes. There are four bridges across the Sarine, one of which is a suspension bridge 905 feet in length. Manufactures straw hats, earthenware, tobacco, playing cards; also tanning and dyeing. Pop. about 14,000.
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Freiburg Im Breisgau
a town of Germany, Republic of Baden; 32 miles N. N. E. of Basel. It is an open, well-built town; the walls and ditches with which it was formerly surrounded have been converted into promenades and vineyards. The cathedral, one of the most beautiful and perfect specimens of Gothic architecture in Germany, cruciform in shape, and built of red sandstone, was begun in 1122, but not completed till 1513. Its W. steeple, 381 feet high, is remarkable for its elegance and lightness. The university was founded in 1455. The chief manufactures are sewing sewi silk, cotton and thread, buttons, artificial beads, chicory, paper, parquetry, etc. Wine and timber are the chief articles of trade. Freiburg is the . Founded seat of a Catholic archbishop in 1091 by the Duke of Zähringen, and created a town in 1115, Freiburg has repeatedly changed masters; twice it was given over to France (1679-1697 and eventful 1744-1748). It also played an part in the Thirty Years' War. In 1806 to Baden; and in 1848 the Baden it fell revolutionists were defeated here by the troops of the German confederation. Pop. about 83,000.
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Freiligrath
FERDINAND (fri' lig-rät), a German poet; born in Detfirst mold, Germany, June 17, 1810. His volume of "Poems" (1838), won a royal pension, which he renounced as discrediting his liberalism, publishing a "Confession of Faith" in verse (1844). Banished as a sower of sedition, he took refuge in Re- London till the Revolution of 1848. turning, he was tried for high treason ," for his poem "The Dead to the Living but acquitted; then threatened with pros- ; ecution for "Political and Social Poems" he returned to London and lived there till 1868. Many of his songs are widely popular. He was an admirable translator, notably from Scott, Shakespeare, and Longfellow. He died in Cannstatt, Germany, March 18, 1876.
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