Fargo College
a coeducational institution in Fargo, N. D.; founded in 1888 under the auspices of the Congregational Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 32; students, 602. President, W. H. Howard. FARGO, WILLIAM GEORGE, an American capitalist; born in Pompey, N. Y., May 20, 1818; became Buffalo agent of the Pomeroy Express Company in 1843; established the first express company W. of Buffalo, in 1844; and, in 1868, became president of the great corporation controlling the whole West, the Wells Fargo Express Company. He died in Buffalo, N. Y., Aug. 3, 1881.
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Faribault
a city and county-seat of Rice co., Minn.; at the confluence of the Cannon and Straight rivers, and on the Chicago Great Western, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific and the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railroads; 53 miles S. of St. Paul. Here are a court house, city hall, public library, the Shattuck Military School, the Seabury Divinity School, the State Schools for the Deaf, Blind, and Imbeciles, Bethlehem Academy for Girls, St. Mary's School tric lights and nd electric monthly periodicals. It has for Girls, gas and weekly and mo manufactories of pianos, carriages, fur- , boiler works, foundry products, s, niture, are rattan goods, and gasoline engines, and canning establishments, flour, planing and woolen mills. Pop. (1910) 9,001; (1920) 11,089.
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Farley
JOHN MURPHY, CARDI- NAL, an American prelate. He was born at Newton Hamilton, Armagh, Ireland, in 1842, and received his preliminary education in his native place. Co Coming to the United States in early youth he became a student at St. John's College, Fordham, and at St. Joseph's Sem- CARDINAL FARLEY inary, Troy, and then was transferred to the American College at Rome. He was ordained priest in Rome in 1870 and took charge of a parish in Staten Island for two years. After acting as secretary to Cardinal McCloskey he was chosen rector of the American College at Rome, but was retained in New York and given the appointment of private chamberlain. In 1891 he became vicar-general of the archdiocese of New York, and in 1895 prothonotary apostolic. He was then made assistant bishop, and in 1902 succeeded New York. In 1911 he as archbishop of of journeyed to Rome to be made cardinal and on his return to New York was given a great popular ovation. During the later as during the early years of his archiepiscopate he showed great energy in furthering the erection of churches, schools, orphanages, hospitals, and other institutions in the popular archdiocese. He died at Mamaroneck, N. Y., Sept. 17, 1918. He was an eloquent preacher and was a contributor to several magazines. He was author of a "Life of Cardinal McCloskey."
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Farmer
one who farms or contracts to collect taxes, imposts, duties, etc., for a certain payment per cent.; also one who farms or cultivates ground; an agriculturist; a husbandman. See FARMER LABOR PARTY. - UNITED STATES, POLITICAL HAPPENINGS.
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Farmer's Satin
a lining material woven with cotton warp and worsted weft by the "satin" method. This produces a smooth surface which is finished with a high luster. It is used for lining men's readymade garments, and for other linings where durability is required. See Satin
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Farmers' Alliance
a general term for an American association of agriculturists which was founded in 1873, originally in Texas, where it was organized for the purpose of co-operation against cattle thieves. In 1887 its members had increased to over 100,000, its scope was greatly extended, and it consolidated with the Farmers' Union of Louisiana, becoming incorporated under the laws of the District of Columbia, as the National Farmers' Alliance and Cooperative Union. In 1880 the National Agricultural Wheel was organized in Arkansas, and branches were formed in other States. These two organizations were consolidated at St. Louis, Mo., Oct. 1, 1889, under the name of the National Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union, with a membership then estimated at from 1,600,000 to 2,500,000. This society is in active operation in all the Southern and Western States (except Ohio and Wyoming), and in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Another organization, called the National Farmers' Alliance, was formed in Chicago in 1880. In 1892, fusing with others as the People's party, it nominated J. B. Weaver for President and cast 1,041,021 votes. The Southern branch seceded and went out of politics. The Farmers' National Alliance held a convention in 1914, when it claimed a membership of over 3,000,- 000. The Alliance advocated Federal assistance for inland commerce, a literacy test for immigrants, and a poll tax upon them.
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Farmers' Institute
an assembly of the farmers held to further their knowledge of agriculture or for their kno entertainment. The institute is derived from the earlier farmers' meetings which were held under the auspices of local agricultural societies. When the Morrill Act of 1862, granting Federal aid to State universities, was passed, these meetings were patronized by the State and became distinctively educational in their character. Custom differs in the various States as to the length of the meetings; some are held for only half a day, while other institutes last for several days. Usually they are held in the winter season, so as to afford the farmers full opportunity to attend. The State agricultural college commonly directs the activities of the institutes, and with the help of the local committee prepares their programs. These usually consist of addresses by specialists on some subject of interest to farmers, and is followed by questions and discussions from the body of the meetings. The United States Department of Agriculture has prepared valuable lantern slides for exhibition at these institutes, showing how to increase production on the farms and how best to combat plant diseases. Very frequently social features are introduced in the institute programs. It is estimated that more than four million persons a year attend these meetings, and their influence in improving mproving agricultural methods . has been incalculable
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Farming
the business or management of a farm, comprising the entire circumstances and control of it. Once regarded as a profession easy to be understood, and requiring but little preparation for its successful practice, it has come to be viewed in a different and a wiser manner. It has been justly said that no pursuit requires more talent, perseverance, and careful observation than the cultivation of the earth; that, so far from its being an empirical business, it is, in fact, one that several other sciences illustrate and assist; one whose professors cannot too often examine the practice of other cultivators; and hence, since it has been found that the labors of the chemist, the botanist, the mechanist, and the geologist, are all available in the service of the farmer, it has followed, as a natural consequence, that the farmers of our age are rapidly becoming a more scientific, more educated, and far more enlightened class than those of any previous generation. See AGRICULTURE.
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