Farmers' Institute
an assembly of the farmers held to further their knowledge of agriculture or for their kno entertainment. The institute is derived from the earlier farmers' meetings which were held under the auspices of local agricultural societies. When the Morrill Act of 1862, granting Federal aid to State universities, was passed, these meetings were patronized by the State and became distinctively educational in their character. Custom differs in the various States as to the length of the meetings; some are held for only half a day, while other institutes last for several days. Usually they are held in the winter season, so as to afford the farmers full opportunity to attend. The State agricultural college commonly directs the activities of the institutes, and with the help of the local committee prepares their programs. These usually consist of addresses by specialists on some subject of interest to farmers, and is followed by questions and discussions from the body of the meetings. The United States Department of Agriculture has prepared valuable lantern slides for exhibition at these institutes, showing how to increase production on the farms and how best to combat plant diseases. Very frequently social features are introduced in the institute programs. It is estimated that more than four million persons a year attend these meetings, and their influence in improving mproving agricultural methods . has been incalculable
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Farming
the business or management of a farm, comprising the entire circumstances and control of it. Once regarded as a profession easy to be understood, and requiring but little preparation for its successful practice, it has come to be viewed in a different and a wiser manner. It has been justly said that no pursuit requires more talent, perseverance, and careful observation than the cultivation of the earth; that, so far from its being an empirical business, it is, in fact, one that several other sciences illustrate and assist; one whose professors cannot too often examine the practice of other cultivators; and hence, since it has been found that the labors of the chemist, the botanist, the mechanist, and the geologist, are all available in the service of the farmer, it has followed, as a natural consequence, that the farmers of our age are rapidly becoming a more scientific, more educated, and far more enlightened class than those of any previous generation. See AGRICULTURE.
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Farnam
HENRY WALCOTT, an American economist, born in New Haven, Conn., in 1853. He graduated from Yale in 1874 and took post-graduate studies at Berlin and other German universities. From 1878 to 1880 he was tutor and from 1880 to 1918 professor of economics in Yale University. In the latter year he was appointed professor emeritus. From 1892 to 1911 he was one of the editors of the "Yale Review," and of the "Economic Review" in 1911-1912. He served as chairman of the New Haven Civil Service Board and as president of the Connectiout Civil Service Reform Association. He was the author of a number of books on economic subjects, several of them written in the German language. He was a member of many economic societies.
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Farnborough
a town in Hampshire, England. It is on the Blackwater, near the Basingstoke canal. Its most important industry is the raising of strawberries. It was long noted as the seat of Farnborough Hill, which was the residence of the former Empress Eugénie until her death in 1920. The main depot of the British Royal Aircraft factory was at Farnborough during the World War. Pop. about 15,000.
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Farnese
the patronymic of an illustrious and princely Italian house, which arose about the middle of the 13th century. Of its principal members were the following:
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Farnese
ALESSANDRO, Cardinal, raised to the tiara under the title of Pope Paul III., in 1534, who created his natural son, PIETRO, Duke of Parma and Piacenza.
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Farnese
ALESSANDRO, great-grandson of the preceding; was born 1546. He early entered upon the profession of arms, and distinguished himself at the battle of Lepanto (1571) under his uncle, the famous Don John of Austria. Philip II. afterward appointed him governor of the Netherlands, where he waged war against the Prince of Orange. He was subsequently made commander-in-chief of the army sent to the assistance of the French Catholics, and compelled Henry IV. to raise the siege of Paris; but, being ill-supported by the League, he was eventually obliged to succumb to his and died soon after in great adversary ary Arras, in 1592. The line continued until 1731, when it became extinct in the person of ANTONIO FARNESE, the prince of his house.
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Farnsworth
CHARLES STEW- American soldier, born in ART, an , in 1862. He Lycoming county a. graduated from the United States Mili- , Pa., tary Academy in 1887. In the same year he was appointed 2d lieutenant and rose through the grades, becoming colonel in 1917. In the same year he was appointed brigadier-general of the National Army, and in the following year was made major-general. He commanded the 37th Division of the American Expeditionary Force from May 22, 1918, to April 5, 1919, taking part in the St. Mihiel offensive and in the offensives of the Argonne-Meuse and in Belgium. In 1919 he was commander of Camp Bowie, Tex., and in the same year was commander of the Infantry School at Camp Benning, Ga.
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Farnworth
a town of Lancashire, England, on the Manchester and Bolton Railway. It has important manufactures of cotton, brick, tile, and iron. Within its limits are several mediæval buildings. Pop. about 35,000.
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Faro
a game of cards, in which the player plays against the bank, which is kept by the proprietor of the table. It was introduced into France by the Venetian ambassador in 1674, in a form like bassette; but so many nobles were ruined by this game that Louis XIV. made a law against it. To elude this law it was called pour et contre, which gave rise to new prohibitions, to evade which the name Pharaoh was adopted. The game essentially consists in betting on which of two piles, into which the cards are alternately dealt, a certain card will fall. It is played with a "lay-out" of 13 cards, ranging from ace to king, inclusive, and a pack of 52 cards dealt from a box, one at a time, in two piles, alternately, as above said. There are various per centages, accruing to the dealer, the principal one being known as a split, which occurs when two cards of the same denomination follow in succession from the box, in which case the dealer takes half the sum bet by the player. When but two or three cards remain to be dealt, the player who succeeds in naming the order in which they will appear (or "calls the turn," as the gambler hath it) receives from two to four to one, according to the denomination of the cards, the amount being determined by the doctrine of chances.
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