Garden
MARY, an American soprano. Born in 1877 at Aberdeen, Scot- MARY GARDEN land, her parents moved to America when In Chicago she she was very young. learned to play both the violin and piano and when sixteen placed herself under the instruction of Mrs. Duff of Bangor, Me. After training her voice for two years she continued her vocal studies in Paris under eminent teachers. Making her début in Paris in 1900 she was a striking success from the first. In 1908 she became a member of the Manhattan Opera Company of New York and remained with them two years. From 1910 to 1920 she was connected with the operas were those of the modern French Chicago Opera Company. Her favorite school and she excelled in her dramatic work particularly in such an opera as "Thaïs." In 1921 she was appointed general director of the Chicago Opera Co.
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Garden of the Gods
. See Colorado
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Garden Spider
also called diadem, or cross spider, the Epeira diadema, a common British spider the the dorsal surface of which is marked with a triple yellow cross. It forms a beautiful geometric web.
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Gardenia
a genus of trees and shrubs, natural order Rubiales, natives of tropical Asia and Africa, bearing beautiful white or yellowish flowers of great fragrance. The genus was named after Dr. Garden, of Charleston, S. C.
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Gardner
a town in Worcester co., Mass., including the villages of Gardner Center, South Gardner, and West Gardner; on the Fitchburg railroad; 25 miles N. of Worcester. It is the trade center for an extensive agricultural region, and has manufactories of rattan goods, gas and oil stoves, chairs, foundry, and machine-shop products, electric lights, street railroads, waterworks, the Levi Haywood Memorial Library, high school, 2 National banks, and an assessed valuation of $5,500,000. Pop. (1910) 14,699; (1920) 16,971.
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Gareth and Lynette
. See Idylls Of The King
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Gargantua
. See Rabelais
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Gargates
A black species of electrum or amber, now called jet. To electrum are attributed many occult virtues of a tell-tale character, and according to Pliny, a cup of this substance had the property of discovering poison, by showing certain half-circles, like rainbows, in the liquor, which also sparkles and hisses as if on fire.
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Gargil
or GARGOLS, a distemper in geese, affecting the head.
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Gargoyle
GARGOIL, or GUR- GOYLE (French gargouille=the weasand of the throat), in architecture, a quaintly-formed head of a man or animal, employed as a decorative spout for the rain water from a roof. GARHMUKHTESAR (gur-mök-tes' Blaine, to go on board a train, Garfield ur), an ancient town in the Northwest provinces of India, on the Ganges, 26 miles S. E. of Meerut, with four shrines dedicated to Ganga, and a great fair, which attracts 200,000 pilgrims. Pop. about 8,000.
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Garhwal
a native state in the Northwest provinces of India, on the borders of Tibet; area, 4,164 square miles; pop. about 270,000. Also the name of a British district in the Northwest provinces, next to independent Garhwal; area 5,500 square miles; pop. about 300,000. Being on the S. slope of the Himalayas, Garhwal is for the most part a mass of rugged mountain ranges, whose elevation above the 25,661 feet. sea reaches in Nanda Devi The native state is the cradle of both the Jumna and the Ganges, and in the district are the Alaknanda and its point of junction with the Bhagirathi (see GANGES); consequently, crowds of pilpilgrims are attracted to the peculiarly sacred localities of Deoprayag and Gangotri.
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Garinet, Jules
Author of a History of Magic in France , Paris, 1818. In this curious work will be found a description of the Sabbath, a dissertation on demons, a discourse on the superstitions connected with magic among the ancients and the moderns. 66
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Garland
HAMLIN, an American story writer; born in West Salem, Wis., Sept. 16, 1860. His works include: "Main Traveled Roads" (1891); “A 66 "Spoil of Office"; "Prairie Folks"; "Prairie Songs" (1893); "Crumbling Idols"; "Little Norsk"; (1893); "Rose of Dutcher's Coolly" (1895); "Jason Edwards"; "The Eagle's Heart" (1900); "The Captain of the Gray Horse Troop" HAMLIN GARLAND (1902); "Hesper" (1904); "The Forester's Daughter" (1914); "A Son of the Middle Border" (1917).
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Garland, Hamlin
Hamlin (1860-), an American novelist. He was born in West Salem, Wisconsin. He has written stories of Western life. Main Traveled Roads, A Little Norsk, Rose of Dutcher's Cooley, The Light of the Star, Wayside Courtships, Prairie Songs, and Hesper are among them. Garland has written verse, also, and contributed critical essays and articles on a variety of subjects to the magazines.
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Garlasco
town of northern a Italy, in Piedmont, 24 miles S. E. of Novara. Near this place the Austrians crossed the Po, when invading Italy in 1849.
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Garnett
RICHARD, an English philologist; born in Otley, Yorkshire, England, July 25, 1789. He had already tried commerce and the Church, when in 1838 he was appointed assistant keeper of printed books at the British Museum. One of the founders of the Philological Society, he contributed many striking papers (on Celtic subjects, largely) to its "Proceedings" and to the "Quarterly Review." These were collected by his son in "Philological Essays" ays" (1859). He died Sept. 27, 1850. RICHARD, his son, born in Lichfield, Feb. 27, 1835, was appointed in 1851 assistant in the printed book department of the British Museum, where also he became superintendent of the reading room in 1875. This office he resigned in 1884 to devote himself more exclusively to the printing of the "Museum Catalogue," of which he had had charge from its commencement. He published: "Relics of Shelley" (1862); "Selections of Shelley's Poems" (1880) and "Letters" (1882); "De Quincey's English Opium Eater" (1885); "Life of Carlyle" (1887); "Life of Milton" (1890); "Poems" (1893); "History of Italian Literature" (1898); "Essays in Librarianship and Bibliography" (1899); "Essays of an Ex-Librarian" (1901) "English Literature" with Edmund Gosse (1903- 1904). He died in 1906.
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Garnetting
in the manufacture of textiles, a process by which waste stock accruing in the operations of spinning, weaving, knitting, etc., may be reduced to its raw or carded state. The garnett machine is similar to a carding machine. One or more large cylinders, fitted with numerous fine teeth, are worked against by smaller cylinders, also set with teeth. Between these rollers twisted and knotted fibers of all sorts are passed, until they are straightened out and restored to the condition of "raw stock."
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