Garcia
his second daughter, born in Paris in 1821, acquired a considerable reputation as a mezzo-soprano singer, and also composed several operettas and songs.
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Single-source entries: G (13)
These 11 listings are so strange that each appears in only one of the 7 encyclopedias we compared. They include such classics as Garcia, Garcilaso, Gard.
Garcia (MANUEL g r-the' a Spanish)
MANUEL (gär-the'ä), a Spanish vocalist and composer; born in Seville, Spain, Jan. 22, 1775. After acquiring a considerable reputation as a tenor singer in Cadiz and Madrid, in 1808 he obtained great success at the Italian opera in Paris, and afterward proceeded to Italy, where he was received with equal favor. From 1816 to 1824 he was constantly engaged as a singer, either in Paris or London. In 1825, with a select operatic company, composed in part of members of his own family, he crossed the Atlantic, and visited New York and Mexico. On the road between Mexico and Vera Cruz he was robbed of all his money; and after his return to Paris he was compelled to open a class for singing, as his voice had become greatly impaired by age and fatigue. Many of Garcia's pupils reached a high degree of excellence, but none equaled his eldest daughter Maria, afterward Madame Malibran. He was less successful as a composer, though several of his works, such as "The Caliph of Bagdad," were much admired. Garcia died in Paris, June 10, 1832. PAULINE VIARDOT-
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Garcilaso
a Spanish historian; born in Cuzco, Peru, in 1540. He was son of Garcilaso de la Vega, one of the conquerors of Peru, and was surnamed the Inca, from his mother, a princess of the royal race of the Incas, At the age of 20 he went to Spain, and lived the rest of his life at Cordova. His first work (1605) was an account of the conquest of Florida by Fernando de Soto. In 1609 appeared the first, and eight years later the second part of his great work on the history of Peru, entitled "Royal Commentaries"; translated into English by Sir Paul Rycaut (1688), and by C. R. Markham for the Hakluyt Society (1869). He died in Cordova, Spain, in 1616. GARCINIA (named after Laurent Garcin, an Oriental traveler), in botany, a genus of guttifers, the typical one of the tribe Garciniex. The fruit of G. mangostana is the highly-prized mangosteen. The fruits of G. pedunculata, G cornea, and G. kydiana are also eaten, valued. G. but are not greatly cambogia and other species of the genus furnish GAMBOGE (q. v.).
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Gard
PONT DU (pôn dü), a fine Roman aqueduct, in Gard, 10 miles from Nîmes, joining two mountains and passing over the Gardon. It has three tiers of arches, and is 160 feet high.
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Gard
a department in the S. of France, on the Mediterranean; bounded on the E. by the Rhône river; area, 2,253 square miles, one-third of which is arable; pop. about 414,000. It is watered mainly by the Rhône, and by its tributaries, the Gard-from which the department has its name and the Cèze. Of its surface the N. W. is occupied by a branch of the Cévennes, the remainder slopes toward the Rhône and the Mediterranean, the coast being lined_by extensive and unhealthy marshes. The soil is unequal, the best land occurring in the river valleys. The famous grapes have almost disappeared before the ravages of the phylloxera. The rearing of silkworms is widely engaged in, and the cultivation of olives and chestnuts is of value. The minerals include coal, iron, argentiferous lead, antimony, marble, and salt; and the department's iron and steel works are important. Chief city, Nîmes. Pop. about 80,000.
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Garden
MARY, an American soprano. Born in 1877 at Aberdeen, Scot- MARY GARDEN land, her parents moved to America when In Chicago she she was very young. learned to play both the violin and piano and when sixteen placed herself under the instruction of Mrs. Duff of Bangor, Me. After training her voice for two years she continued her vocal studies in Paris under eminent teachers. Making her début in Paris in 1900 she was a striking success from the first. In 1908 she became a member of the Manhattan Opera Company of New York and remained with them two years. From 1910 to 1920 she was connected with the operas were those of the modern French Chicago Opera Company. Her favorite school and she excelled in her dramatic work particularly in such an opera as "Thaïs." In 1921 she was appointed general director of the Chicago Opera Co.
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Garden of the Gods
. See Colorado
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Garden Spider
also called diadem, or cross spider, the Epeira diadema, a common British spider the the dorsal surface of which is marked with a triple yellow cross. It forms a beautiful geometric web.
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Gardenia
a genus of trees and shrubs, natural order Rubiales, natives of tropical Asia and Africa, bearing beautiful white or yellowish flowers of great fragrance. The genus was named after Dr. Garden, of Charleston, S. C.
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Gardiner
SAMUEL RAWSON, an English historian; born in Ropley, Hampshire, England, March 4, 1829. He was educated at Winchester and at Christ Church, Oxford, taking a firstthe chair of modern history at King's class in 1851. For some years he filled College, London, but resigned in 1885 to continue his history at Oxford on an it All Souls' elective fellowship. He wrote: "The History of England from the Accession of James I. to the Disgrace of Chief Justice Coke" (1863); "Prince Charles and the Spanish Marriage" (1869); "The Thirty Years' War" (1874); "The First Two Stuarts and the Puritan Revolution" (1875) in "Epochs of Modern History"; "England under the Duke of Buckingham and Charles I." (1875); "The Personal Government of Charles I." (1877); "Introduction to the Study of English History conjunction with Mr. J. Bass Mullinger; " (1881), written in "The Fall of the Monarchy of Charles I." (vols. i. and ii. 1882). He edited the "Fortescue Papers," the "Hamilton Papers," the "Parliamentary Debates in 1610," and "Debates in the House of Commons in 1625." He died Feb. 23, 1902.
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Gardiner (City in Kennebec co Me)
a city in Kennebec co., Me.; on the Kennebec river, and on the Maine Central railroad; 6 miles S. W. of Augusta. It has admirable waterpower, derived from the Cobossee river, and has valuable manufacturing interests, including sawmills, paper mills, potteries, furniture, carriage, woolen, boot and shoe, sash, blind, and door factories. There are electric lights and street railroads, waterworks, public library, 3 National banks, and assessed an property valuation of $4,000,000. The ice cutting industry employs 1,000 people; annual output valued at $75,000. Pop. (1910) 5,311; (1920) 5,475.
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