Geddes (II)
SIR ERIC (CAMPBELL). an English public official. He was born in India in 1876 and was educated at Oxford Military College and Merchiston Castle School, Edinburgh. After leaving school he engaged in lumbering in the Southern States of America and was an employee of the Baltimore and Ohio railway. Later he was connected with the Rohilkund and Kumaon railway, India, and returning to England became deputy general manager of the North Eastern SIR ERIC GEDDES railway. During the World War he be came Deputy Director-General of Military Railways and Inspector-General of Transportation. In 1917, he became honorable Major-General, additional member of the Board of Admiralty, Navy Controller, and Temporary Honorable Vice- Admiral. In 1918 he was a member of the Imperial War Cabinet and First Lord of the Admiralty. He has been member of Parliament for Cambridge since 1917 and Minister without portfolio since 1919.
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Geelong
a city of Victoria, Australia; on Corio Bay, 45 miles S. W. of Melbourne. It is well laid out, and has some handsome buildings. The gold discoveries in 1851 brought it prosperity. Limestone and a kind of marble are Ammonite fire-god (II Kings xxiii: 10; found in the neighborhood. The industries are the manufacture of woolen cloths and paper, meat preserving, tanning, rope making, fishing, etc. It has two parks, botanical garden, government buildings, a town hall, a new postoffice (1889), an excellent hospital, a chamber of commerce, mechanics' institute, etc. Corio Bay is a favorite bathing resort; and on the E. boundary of the town are extensive limestone quarries. Pop., including suburbs (1918), 34,080.
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Geelvink Bay
an arm miles of the Pacific, penetrating 125 S. into the W. arm of New Guinea. Its entrance, about 155 miles wide, is protected by several islands; its shores are well wooded, flat and fertile, but unhealthy. The bay is separated by a narrow mus from the Alfura Sea on the S., and by a still narrower isthmus from Mc- Clure Gulf on the W. GEESTEMÜNDE (gas'te-mün-de), a of seaport of Prussia, at the confluence immediately the Geeste with the Weser; S. E. of Bremerhaven. It owes its importance to the docks and wharves constructed in 1857-1863. It has also a school of navigation; imports petroleum, tobacco, rice, coffee, timber, and corn; industries conand carries on various nected with shipping.
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Gehenna (otherwise Hell)
The word is derived from the Hebrew ge and Hinnom, the Valley of Hinnom-originally a valley in Palestine where the Jews passed their children through the fire to Moloch, the god of the Ammonites. Gehenna is popularly regarded as a place of torment to which the wicked are consigned when they leave this earth: it is pictured as a bottomless pit, lit only by the fire which is never quenched. In Dante and Milton, we have diverse descriptions of Hell-the one of unutterable anguish, horror and despair; the other more sublimely imaginative, and pierced with rays of faith and love. The locality of Hell, and the duration of its torments, have for centuries been the subject of much questioning. By some, it is believed, that there is a purgatorial region-a kind of upper Gehenna, "in which the souls of just men are cleansed by a temporary punishment" before they are admitted to Heaven. It was believed that during this period the soul could revisit the places and persons whom it had loved. By the Persians, Gehenna was understood as the place inhabited by the divs, or rebellious angels, and to which they had been confined when they refused to bow down before the first man. Gehenna is used in the New Testament for Hell,
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Geikie
SIR ARCHIBALD (gēki), a Scottish geologist; born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Dec. 28, 1835. He was eduuniversity. cated at the high school and In 1855 he was appointed to the Geologto ical Survey; in 1867 became director the survey in Scotland; from 1870 to 1881 was Murchison Professor of Geology in Edinburgh University; and in 1881 was appointed director-general to , being the survey of the United Kingdom at the same time placed at the head of the Museum of Practical Geology, Lonof a don. He is the author of "Story Boulder" (1858); "Phenomena of the ); "The Glacial Drift of Scotland" (1863 in Connec- Scenery of Scotland Viewed coming next to Stockholm and Gothen- tion with Its Physical Geology" (1865; 2d ed. 1887); "Memoir of Sir R. Murch- Geology" ison" (1874); "Text-book of of Geology" (1882); "The Founders (1898); (1897); "Types of Scenery" etc., besides numerous class-books, primers, etc., on geology.
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Geikie (JAMES a Scottish geologist)
JAMES, a Scottish geologist; born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Aug. 23, 1839. He received an education similar Havto that of his brother Archibald. ing served on the Geological Survey of from 1861 to 1882, he succeeded Scotland Professor of his brother as Murchison Geology in Edinburgh University. He is the author of "The Great Ice Age" (2d ed. 1877); "Prehistoric Europe" (1881); "Outlines of Geology" (1886; 2d edition 1888); a translation of "Songs H. Heine and other Gerand Lyrics by man Poets" (1887); "Earth Sculpture" (1898); "Mountains" (1913); "Antiquity of Man in Europe" (1913). He died in 1915.
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Gela
one of the most important ancient Greek cities of Sicily, situated on the S. coast of the island between Agrigentum and Camarina; founded in 690 B. c. by a colony of Cretans and Rhodians. The colony was remarkably prosperous, and in 528 B. C. sent out a portion of its inhabitants, who founded Agrigentum. In 280 Phintias, the tyrant of Agrigentum, utterly destroyed Gela. GELASIUS II., Bishop of Rome (1118- 1119), formerly John of Gaeta. He was educated at the Benedictine abbey of Monte Cassino, was cardinal and chancellor under Urban II. and Paschal II., and on the death of the latter was chosen Pope by the party hostile to the Emperor Henry V. The imperial party at Rome under the Frangipani seized his person, but were forced to set him free by the menacing attitude of the mob. The new Pope fled before the advancing imperial troops to Gaeta, where he first received his consecration, and whence he fulminated the thunders of excommunication against Henry V. and Gregory VIII., the antipope he had set up. Soon after he was able to return to Rome, but ere long had to betake himself for protection to France, where he died in the monastery of Clugny, Jan. 29, 1119.
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