Gheriah
a town of British India. It was the principal port of Augria, a famous piratical prince, whose fort was taken and his whole fleet destroyed by the English and Mahrattas in 1756.
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Single-source entries: G (25)
Each of these 12 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
Ghetto
the Jewish quarter in Italian cities, to which they were formerly confined. The ghetto of Rome, instituted in 1556 by Pope Paul IV., was removed in 1885, its demolition having been rendered necessary by the new Tiber embankment. The term is also employed to indicate the Jews' quarters in any city. GHI. See GHEE,
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Ghibellines
a political party of the 12th to the 15th centuries. On the death of Lothaire II., Emperor of Germany, Dec. 4, 1137, Conrad, Duke of Franconia and Lord of Weiblingen (which by corruption became Ghibelline), was elected his successor. His right to the imperial throne was, however, disputed by Henry the Proud, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, who was in consequence declared an outlaw and shortly afterward died. His adherents transferred their allegiance to his son Henry the Lion, at that time a boy of 10 years old, and the whole empire was divided into the partisans of Conrad, who assumed the name of Ghibellines, and those of Henry, or the Guelphs. These titles were first used at the battle of Weinsberg in 1140. The strife between the two parties subsided in Germany, but continued in Italy, resulting in war in 1159. The supporters of the Popes were termed Guelphs and those of the emperors Ghibellines. Charles of Anjou expelled the Ghibellines from Italy in 1268; but the contest between the two factions continued until the French invasion in 1495 united them against a common enemy.
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Ghiberti
LORENZO (gē-ber'tē), an Italian sculptor; born in Pelago, Italy, in 1378. He early learned from his stepfather Bartoluccio, an expert goldsmith, the arts of drawing and modeling, and that of casting metals. He was engaged in painting frescoes at Rimini, in the pal palace of Pandolfo Malatesta, when the priori of the society of merchants at Florence invited artists to propose models for one of the bronze doors of the baptistery of San Giovanni. The judges selected the works of Brunellesco and Ghiberti as the best, but the former voluntarily withdrew his claims, giving the preference to Ghiberti. After 21 years' labor Ghiberti completed the door, and, at the request of the priori, executed a second, after almost as long a period. Michael Angelo said of these that they were worthy of adorning the entrance to paradise. During these 40 years Ghiberti also completed other works, bas-reliefs, statues, and some excellent paintings on glass, most of which may be seen in the cathedral and the Church of Or San Michele at Florence. He died in Florence, Italy, in 1455.
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Gholson
an American novelist, born in Richmond, Va., in 1874. While still a young girl she began to attract attention as a fiction writer, portraying the change from the old order to the new in the South. She wrote "The Descendant" (1897); "Phases of an Inferior Planet" (1898); "The Voice of the People" (1900); "The Miller of Old Church" (1911); "Virginia" (1913); "Life and Gabriella" (1916); "The Builders" (1919).
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Ghor-Boud-Des, The
The people of "Ghor-bund-land." Mr. Pococke in his India in Greece maintains that these people are the same as the Corybantes," or ministers of the gods, otherwise known as the Cabiri. 66
Only in An Encyclopaedia of Occultism
Ghuri
a dynasty of princes who had the seat of their empire in the country of Ghûr, and ruled over Persia, Afghan- Lighanistan, northern Hindustan, and Transoxiana. We first read of Ghûr in connection with Mahmud of Ghazni and his son Masaud, the latter of whom subjugated the region in 1020. About a century later Malik Izzuddin made himself ruler of all the Ghûr country. His son, Alauddin Jahansoz (the Burner), fell upon Ghazni, and took it and burned it to the ground. nd. This prince's nephews, Ghiyassuddin and Muizuddin , established their power in Khorasan and Ghazni. The latter, crossing the Indus, then conquered successively the provinces of Multan (1176), Lahore (1186), and Ajmere (1190), and in the course of the next six years, all Hindustan as far S. as Nagpur and E. to the Irawadi. On the death of Muizzuddin the Indian states asserted their independence, the confined to power of the Ghuri being con Ghûr, Seistan, and Herât. This last feeble remnant was taken from them by the Shah of Kharezm about 1215. Some 30 years later the Ghûr princes managed to revive something of their former power at Herât, which they retained by sufferance from the Mongols down to 1383, when the city was captured by Timur, and the Ghûr sovereignty came to an end.
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Ghuzel-Hissar
a town of Anatolia in Asia Minor, 55 miles from Smyrna, the site of ancient Tralles. GIA-DINH. See SAIGON.
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Giant Despair
in Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress , the owner of Doubting Castle . See Pilgrim'S Progress ; Bunyan
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Giant's Causeway
a noted rock formation on the north coast of Ireland. The "causeway" is a tract of basaltic columns laid bare by the waves. Tourists make their way for a long distance on an uneven floor, walking on the upper ends of 40,000 upright, six-sided columns that stand side by side like the trunks of trees. This basaltic outflow is part of the formation in which Fingal's Cave has been worn by wave action. In cooling the basalt simply cracked into regular six-sided columns instead of into the irregular cakes to be seen at the former bottom of a dried out mud puddle. See Fingal'S Cave ; Basalt ; Cave
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Giarre
a town of Sicily, in GIARRETTA METO (sē-mātō), a river of Sicily, which, with its affluents, the Adriano, (jär-ret'tä), or SI- Trachino, Dettaino, and Chrisas, waters the plain of Catania, and the portion of the island W. of Mount Etna. It rises 20 miles S. E. of Caronia, and after the Mediterranean 6 miles S. of Catania. a very tortuous course of 50 miles enters
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Gibbet
a gallows on which the bodies of criminals who had been guilty of particularly atrocious crimes were suspended after execution, incased in an iron frame, near the spot where the crime was committed. This was done for the purpose of striking terror into the evil-minded. The practice, first recognized by law in 1752, was abolished in 1834.
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