Gentian
in botany, the . English name of the genus Gentiana almost all over Numerous species exist the the world, the best known being marsh gentian (Gentiana pneumomanverna), the the), the spring gentian (G. G. nivalis), the small alpine gentian ( amarella), small-flowered gentian (G. campestris), and the field gentian (G. G. crinthe American frin fringed gentians ( . grows in ata and G. detonsa). G. lutea Switzerland and the mountainous parts of Germany. In pharmacy, Gentianæ radix (gentian root), the dried root of Gentiana lenghtened lutea. The root occurs in an inch to cylindrical pieces, from half inches one inch in diameter, and several often long, wrinkled longitudinally, and , tough twisted; brown externally, yellow , smell and spongy within; it has a sweet taste. It is used and a sweet and bitter to prepare Extractum gentianæ (Extract of gentian), Infusum gentianæ compositum, Mistura gentianæ (gentian mixture), and Tinctura gentianæ composita (compound tincture of gentian). Gentian is a bitter stomachic tonic, which improves the appetite and gives tone to the stomach.
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Gentiles
in Scripture, all the nations of the world, excepting the Jews. In the Old Testament it is the rendering of the Hebrew word goim=peoples, nations, the plural of goi a nation, a people. At first it was used as a mere ethnological word, and quite respectfully, but as the Jews became more conscious of their privileges they employed it more and more scornfully of the nations around (Gen. x: 5; Isa. lxvi: 19; Jer. xiv: 22). In the New Testament Gentiles is the rendering of the Greek ethne the plural of ethnos a number of people living together, a nation. St. Peter, moved by a vision, was the first of the Twelve to preach to the Gentiles (Acts x.), but the apostle of the Gentiles was St. Paul (Gal. ii: 8).
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Genuflexion
the act of bending the knees in worship. There are frequent allusions to genuflexion in the Old and New Testaments, and it would appear that the use was continued among the early Christians. Genuflexion obtains, both by rule and prescription, in various places in the offices of the Roman Catholic Church, and at different parts of the services of the Church of England.
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Genung
JOHN FRANKLIN, an Amercian educator; born in Willseyville, N. Y., Jan. 27, 1850; was graduated at Union College in 1870 and at the Rochester Theological Seminary in 1875; became Professor of Rhetoric in Amherst College. His publications include "Tennyson's 'In Memoriam,' Its Purposes and Its Structure"; "Practical Elements of Rhetoric"; "Handbook of Rhetorical Analysis"; "Outlines of Rhetoric"; "Study of Rhetoric in the College Course"; "Words of Koheleth" (1904) "The Idylls and the Ages" (1907); "Guide Book to Biblical Literature" (1916). He died in 1919.
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Genus
a class, a kind, a species. In logic, a class of objects containing several species; a class more extensive than a species; a universal which is predicable of several things of different species. In music, sort or class, especially used with reference to scales; as, the diatonic, chromatic, and enharmonic genera (plural). In zoology and botany, an assemblage of species or of sub-genera closely agreeing together in all essential characteristics, not found in any others of the sub-family or family to which they belong. It may be divided into sub-genera. Among animals, Mus is a genus containing, among other animals, both the domestic mouse and the rat, which, differing in size, etc., and being clearly distinct species, have still a community of structure obvious to all. So also among plants, the various species of the rose constitute the genus Rosa. In the Latin name of a plant or animal adopted by naturalists, the first word indicates the genus, and the second the species: as, Mus musculus, Rosa spinosissina. In other sciences, sometimes a classification like that adopted by naturalists is used. Thus, of skin diseases there is a genus Acne with various species, A. simplex, A. rosacea, etc.
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Genzano
a town of Italy, on the Via Appia, 16 miles S. E. of Rome, near the lake of Nemi. It contains the Cesarina palace, and is noted for its annual flower festival, held on the eighth day after Corpus Christi, which attracts many visitors.
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Geocoronium
supposed for the purpose of explaining certain phenomena. It is thought to be lighter than any known gas. Last of the Caucasus GEORGIA. states to remain independent. Tiflis fell to Soviet arms, Feb. 25, 1921. Batum taken by Kemalist Turks in March, recaptured by combined Georgian-Russian Soviet forces. Soviet republic established. Georgia included in Transcaucasian Federation under Russian control (Oct. 13, 1921). GERMANY. Reparations question (see REPARATIONS). March 20-April 2, 1921, communist uprisings in middle Germany. General strike centering at Halle. Fifty police and 500 rioters killed. March 20, plebiscites in Upper Silesia (see SILESIA, below). April 13, message of condolence from German Government to ex-Kaiser Wilhelm on death of former Kaiserin. May 10, Dr. Julius Wirth, former Minister of Finance, succeeds as Chancellor and Foreign Minister. May 23, trials of German officers and soldiers for alleged brutalities during World War opened before Supreme Court at Leipsic. Lieut. Neumann, former submarine commander who sank the hospital ship "Dover," acquitted on ground that he had acted under orders. August 26, murder of Matthias Erzberger, leader of progressive Centrists, followed by vigorous us suppression of junker and reactionary propaganda against the republic. September 21, greatest explosion in German industrial history at Oppau nitrate plant; 600 persons killed or missing, 2,000 injured. troops distinguish themselves French in work. September 30, peace rescue treaty ratified with U. S. End of 1921, Germany's disarmament reported to be 95 per cent complete. Unemployed estimated at 1 per cent of population.
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Geodesy
that branch of applied mathematics which determines, by means of observations and measurements, the figures and areas of large portions of the earth's surface, or the general figure and dimensions of the earth; that branch of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into account. This becomes necessary in all extensive operations.
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Geographic Society
NATION- AL, a society founded in 1888 at Washington, D. C., for the purpose of collecting and diffusing geographic knowledge. The principal means of accomplishing the latter purpose is the official organ of the society, the "National Geographic Magazine." The research work of the society is carried on independently, as well as in co-operation with other institutions and organizations. The society has organized or participated in many scientific and exploring expeditions in North and South America. The membership of the society is over 500,000.. Its headquarters at Washington are located in a building owned by the society and containing a valuable library of over 50,000 volumes.
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