Giessen
a town of Hesse- Darmstadt, Germany, at the confluence of the Wieseck and the Lahn, 40 miles N. of Frankfort-on-the-Main. It is the seat of a university, founded in 1607, which possesses well-appointed laboratories, collections, and museums, and a good library, with 72 professors, and 672 students in 1899. Pop. about 31,000.
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Giffen
SIR ROBERT, an English economist; born in Strathaven, Scotland, in 1837; went to London in 1862, where he was sub-editor of the "Globe" till 1866. He was acting editor of the "Economist" under Walter Bagehot 1868-1876; then founded the "Statist" and became chief of the Statistical Department in the board of trade and assistant secretary in 1882. He was John Morley's assistant on the "Fortnightly Review" in 1873- 1876; and is the author of a number of reports, papers, and essays, which have given him a high rank. His works include "American Railways as Investments" (1873); "Stock Exchange Securities" (1877); "Essays on Finance" (1879); "The Progress of the Working Classes" (1884). He died April 12, 1910.
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Gifford
ROBERT SWAIN, an American artist; born in Naushon Island, Mass., Dec. 23, 1840; received a common school education; studied with Albert Van Beest in Rotterdam, Holland; traveled through California and Oregon in 1869, and in Europe and North America in 1870-1871. His principal works include "The Rock of Gibraltar"; "A Lazy Day in Egypt"; etc. He died in 1905.
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Gigantes
The sons of Coelus and Terra, who, according to Hesiod, sprang from the blood of a wound inflicted on Coelus by his son Saturn. They are represented as huge giants, with strength in accordance with their size.
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Gigging
. See Napping Gila (he'la) Monster. See Lizard
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Gijon
a city and seaport of Spain, on the Bay of Biscay, 20 miles N. E. of Oviedo. It manufactures tobacco, glass, and earthenware; exports butter, cheese, fruits, hazelnuts and copper ore; and imports grain, flour, sugar, oil, iron, machinery, spirits, chemicals, Jovellanos and woven goods. founded the Collegiate Asturian Institute. Pop. about 55,000.
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Gila
RIO, a river of North America, an affluent of the Colorado of the West, origin in New Mexico; length, 450 miles. Its upper course is through mountains, with many deep and precipitous cañons; further S. it flows through an open and comparatively level country, the valley being productive when irrigated. About 200 miles from the Colorado is the reservation of the Maricopa and Pima Indians. Ancient ruins are numerous on the banks of the Gila.
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Gila Monster
a poisonous lizard also called Sonoran heloderm. It is one of the largest lizards of North America, and is found in the sandy deserts of New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas. Its scales are brilliant orange and jet black. Its bite is rapidly fatal to small mammals and birds, and very injurious, though seldom fatal, to man. The heloderms are the only lizards ascertained to be venomous.
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Gilbert Islands
a group of small islands in Australasia, situated on the equator, extending from longitude 172° to 177° East, southeast of the Marshall The group constituting a Islands. British colonial possession, comprises eighteen small islands with a total of 166 square miles, the largest being the island of Tapiteuea. Most of the islands are fertile and large quantities of copra are produced. Population about 27,000, including 450 Europeans.
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Gilbertines
a religious order in the Roman Catholic Church, one of the few of English foundation. Its founder in 1148 was St. Gilbert, a native of Sempringham, in Lincolnshire. The rule of the order was mainly derived from that of the Canons Regular of St. Augustine. St. Gilbert also founded an order of nuns after the Benedictine institute. Both orders were approved, and had numerous convents in Eng England at the time of the Reformation, when they shared in the general suppression.
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Gilbertite
a whitish, silky mineral; apparently an impure kaolinite. It occurs near St. Austell in Cornwall, England.
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Gilboa
a chain of hills between 500 and 600 feet high, overhanging the site of the ancient city of Jezreel, and ris rising between the fertile plain of Esdraelon on the W. and the green valley of the Jordan on the E. It is memorable as the scene of the defeat and death of King Saul and his three sons at the hands of the Philistines.
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Gilder
JEANNETTE LEONARD, an American literary critic and editor, born in Flushing, L. I., N. Y., 1849. She was first associated with her brother, Richard Watson Gilder, in the editorial management of "Scribner's Monthly," now known as the "Century Magazine." Later she also became associated with another brother, Joseph B. Gilder, as editor of "The Critic," after which, in 1906, she became connected with "Put- Vol. IV-Cyc-U nam's Magazine." She wrote "Pen Portraits of Literary Women" (1887); "Essays from The Critic" (1882); "Authors at Home" (1889); "Autobiog- Tomboy" (1900); "The raphy of a Tomboy at Work" (1904); and other collections and compilations. In 1909 she established and edited "The Reader," a guide for book buyers. She died in 1916.
RICHARD WATSON, an "American editor; born in Bordentown, N. J., Feb. 8, 1844; received a private school education; served with the Union army during the Confederate invasion of Pennsylvania in 1863; was connected with the daily newspaper press and monthly periodicals till 1881, when he became editor-in-chief of "The Century." His publications, chiefly in poetry, include "The New Day"; "The Celestial Two Worlds"; Passion"; "Lyrics"; "T s": " "The Great Remembrance"; "In Palestine"; etc. He died Nov. 18, 1909.
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Gildersleeve
BASIL LANNEAU, an American classical scholar; born in Charleston, S. C., Oct. 23, 1831; gradstudied uated at Princeton in 1849, and in Germany for several years. He was professor of Greek and Latin at the University of Virginia from 1856 to 1876, when he was appointed Professor of Greek at Johns Hopkins University. He is the founder and editor of the "American Journal of Philology." Among his works are: "Persius" (1875); "Justin Martyr" (1875); "Odes of Pindar." He has published ed a Latin grammar and a volume of "Essays and Studies"; "Hellas and Hesperia" (1909); and with C. W. Miller "S " Syntax of Classical Greek from Homer to Demosthenes” (1900-1911); "Creed of the Old South" (1915).
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