Gagger
A turned piece of rod iron for binding the surface sand firmly to the cope. If the surface below the joint extends but a little way, a three-inch turn at one end is sufficient; the long end resting against the bar is pressed firmly thereto by the rammed sand, and the sand below the bars is sustained by this means; but if the lift is deep, the other end of the gagger must be turned at right angles also, one inch being enough in this case, the object being to hang the gagger on the flask-bar, at the same time allowing it to rest upon a slight thickness of soft sand at the bottom. By this means it becomes impossible for the hanging sand to pull the gagger out. The former is termed a plain, and the latter a hooked gagger. See BAR; FLASKS. Galvanized Iron is made by coating clean iron with melted zinc. The iron is first subjected to a thorough cleansing in pickle containing 1 per cent of sulphuric acid, after which it is scoured well in clean water and then dipped in a bath of melted zinc, the surface of which is covered with salammoniac in order to dissolve the oxide which gathers on the surface of the molten zinc. The best quality is made by first depositing a thin film of tin upon the iron by galvanic action. See ZINC-COATING; TINNING; PICKLE.
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Gail Hamilton. See DODGE
MARY ABIGAIL.
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Gaillac
a town in the French department of Tarn, on the river Gaillac, 32 miles by rail N. E. of Toulouse. The Abbey Church of St. Michel dates from the 12th century. The inhabitants are engaged in wi coopering, and spinning, and clover, coriander seeds , plums and wine. in wine-growing, and trade in
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Gaillard
DAVID DU BOSE, an American soldier and engineer. Born in 1859 in South Carolina, he graduated from the military academy at West Point in 1884. As a lieutenant he superintended harbor improvements at St. Augustine and Tampa, Florida. In the Spanish American War he served as a colonel and after the war closed he was chief engineer for the Santa Clara District in Cuba, having charge of the numerous public improvements carried on under the auspices of the Cuban and American Governments . After a period as a member of the staff of the War College at Washington he returned to Cuba as an important officer in the American Army of pacification in 1907. A member of the Isthmian Canal Commission in 1908, his whole time and attention were devoted for years to the problem of building an inter-oceanic canal. Many of the difficulties incident to the building of the Panama canal were surmounted by the aid of his genius. He died in 1913. an
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Gailor
THOMAS FRANK, American Protestant Episcopal bishop, born at Jackson , Miss., in 1856. He graduated from Racine College in 1876 and afterward studied at the General Theological Seminary. He was ordained priest in 1880. From 1879 to 1893 he was connected with the University of the South as professor of history his and vice-chancellor. In the latter year he was to the bishopric in 1898. He was chancellor and president of the board of trustees of the University of the South from 1908. His writings include "Things New and Old" (1891); "Christianity and Education" (1903); "The Communion of Saints" (1908); "The Episcopal Church" (1914).
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Gaines's Mill
a locality near Richmond, Va., noted as being the scene of many balloon ascensions during the Civil War (1861-1865). Near here occurred the battle of Cold Harbor, called also battle of Gaines's Mill, June 27, 1862, between a part of Lee's army and a part of McClellan's. Here, too, Lee repulsed Grant's assault, June 3, 1864.
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Gainesville
a city of Florida, the county-seat of Alachua county. It is on the Seaboard Air Line, the Atlantic Coast Line, and the Tampa and Jacksonville railroads. It is an important agricultural and stock-raising region and its industries include lumbering, phosmilletinis the seat of the Florida State University and is a popular winter resort. Pop. (1910) 6,183; (1920) 6,860.
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Gainesville (City of Georgia)
a city of Georgia, the county-seat of Hall co. It is on the Southern, the Gainesville Northwestern, and the Gainesville Midland railroads. It has manufactures of cotton goods, cotton yarn, asbestos, cottonseed oil, wagons, brick works, etc. It is the seat of Brenau College and Conservatory of Music for young ladies. It also contains the Riverside Military Academy. Pop. (1910) 5,925; (1920) 6,272.
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Gainesville (City of Texas the county-seat)
a city of Texas, the county-seat of Cooke co. It is on the Trinity river and on the Gulf, Colorado, and Santa Fe, and the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas railroads. It is situated in an important agricultural and stock-raising region and its industries include iron foundries, machine shops, cottonseed oil works, flour mills, pressed brick works, etc. There are handsome public buildings, including a city hall, a city park, a library, etc. Pop. (1910) 7,624; (1920) 8,648.
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Gainsborough (Market town of Lincolnshire)
a market town of Lincolnshire, on the right bank of the Trent, 21 miles above its embouchure in the Humber, and 16 miles by rail N. W. of Lincoln. The parish church, with the exception of a fine old tower, dating from the 12th century, was rebuilt in 1736. The manor house, built by John of Gaunt, now forms part of the corn exchange. The grammar school was founded in 1589. The town manufactures linseed cake and oil, malt and cordage.
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Gainsborough, Thomas
Thomas (1727-1788), an English painter. He was born in Sudbury, Suffolk, and died in London. His father was a wool manufacturer. Young Gainsborough went up to London in his fifteenth year, where he studied engraving and drawing. In 1745 he returned to Sudbury and set up a studio as a portrait painter. Fifteen years later he removed to Bath, then a fashionable resort, where he won reputation as a painter of portraits. In 1774 he left Bath for London. Gainsborough was one of the original thirty-six members of the Royal Academy. He painted over two hundred portraits. Many of these are preserved in the galleries of Dublin, Glasgow, Edinburgh, and London. Others adorn the ancestral halls of the British nobility. He painted eight portraits of George III. Among the notables who sat for him were Mrs. Siddons, the Duchess of Devonshire, the Duke of Argyll, George III, the Prince of Wales , afterward crowned George IV, Lord Cornwallis, Pitt, Blackstone, Clive, Burke, and our own Franklin. His Duchess of Devonshire brought $50,000. Some of his noted pictures other than portraits are The Market Cart, The Brook, Rustic Children, Cows in the Meadow, The Harvest Wagon, and Gainsborough's Forest. The "Gainsborough hat," a broad article of headwear worn by the beauties of the day, is as famous as the "Vandyke collar." A strong friendship existed between Gainsborough and Sir Joshua Reynolds. It was marred, however, by an estrangement lasting several years.
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