Gibraltar Monkey
an originally African monkey, a colony of which is wild on the rocks of Gibraltar. GIBRALTAR, STRAITS OF, the straits connecting the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean extending from Cape Spartel to Cape Ceuta, on the N. W. coast of Africa, and from Cape Trafalgar to Europa Point on the S. W. seaboard of Spain. They narrow toward the E., their width between Europa Point and Cape Ceuta being only 15 miles, while at the W. extremity it is 24 miles. Length, E. to W., about 36 miles. ROCK OF GIBRALTAR
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Gibson
WILLIAM HAMILTON, an American artist and author; born in Sandy Hook, Conn., Oct. 5, 1850; contributed to the "American Agriculturist" and "Hearth and Home," and supplied many natural-history subjects for the "American Cyclopædia." Many of his illustrations appeared in the "Art Journal" and in "Picturesque America"; and Mis illustrations of books were numerous and popular. He was a member of the Art Union and the Authors' Club. The essays, "Birds of Plumage," "A Winter Idyl," and "Springtime," appeared in "Harper's Magazine." His later works included "Our Edible Toadstools and Mushrooms." He died in Washington, Conn., July 16, 1896.
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Gibson (CHARLES DANA an Amercan artist)
CHARLES DANA, an Amercan artist and illustrator, born at Roxbury, Mass., in 1867. He was educated in private schools and studied art at the Art Students' League at New York. He early attained success with his black and white drawings in magazines; and his drawings of social subjects done in a gently satiric vein gained for him a wide reputation. He became one of the most widely known artists, not only in the United States but in England. Much of his work was done for the humorous periodical "Life," which he purchased in 1920. His published books of pictures include "Sketches in London"; "People of Dickens"; "Drawings"; "The Education of Mr. Pipp"; "A Widow and Her Friends"; and "The Social Ladder". He was a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters.
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Gibson (HUGH an American diplomat born)
HUGH, an American diplomat, born at Los Angeles, Cal., in 1883. He was educated in France, and in 1908 was appointed secretary of of legation at Honduras. In 1909-1910 he was 2d secretary of the American Embassy in London, and in 1910-1911 he was private secretary to the Assistant Secretary of State, in Washington. He served in Legations in Havana and Santo Domingo and in 1914 was appointed secretary of Legation, in Brussels, where he remained until 1916, when he was assigned to the Embassy in London. In the following year he was on duty at the Department of State in Washington. He was appointed in 1918 1st secretary of the American Embassy in Paris. He was a member of the Inter-Allied Mission to the countries of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire, in 1918-1919. In the latter year he was appointed first American Minister to Poland. He was the author of "A Journal from Our Legation in Belgium" (1917).
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Giddings
FRANKLIN HENRY, an American educator; born in Sherman, Conn., March 23, 1855; was graduated at Union College in 1877; accepted the chair of sociology in Columbia University in 1894. In 1896 he was appointed to the chair of sociology and history of civilization, Columbia University. He is the author of "The Principles of Sociology"; "The Theory of Socialization"; "The Elements of Sociology"; "Democracy and Empire"; "Inductive Sociology" (1901); "Pagan gan Poems" (1914); "The Western Hemisphere in the World of To-morrow" (1915).
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Giddings (II)
JOSHUA REED, an American statesman; born in Athens, Pa., Oct. 6, 1795; admitted to the Ohio bar in 1820; elected a member of its Legislature in 1826, and of Congress in 1838, where he was prominent as an opponent of slavery. In 1861 he was appointed consul-general to British North America. Among his works are: "The Exiles of Florida" (1858); "History of the Rebellion" (1864). He died in Montreal, May 27, 1864.
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Gideon
a judge of Israel. He was the youngest son of Joash, of the house of Abiezer, and lived with his father at Ophrah, in Manasseh. During his youth Israel was sunk in idolatry and sloth, and was oppressed by the plundering incursions of the Amalekites and Micianites. Confident in the assurance of supernatural direction, he mustered the people, reduced the unwieldy host to a handful of resolute men, fell suddenly upon the enemy in the neighborhood of Mount Gilboa, and routed them with great slaughter.
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Gien
a town of the department of Loiret, France, 37 miles S. E. of Orleans. Its manufactures include earthenware, serge and leather. Gièn has a handsome stone bridge across the Loire. Here, in 1410, 1410, a treaty was signed by the young Duke d'Orleans, with the dukes of Berry, Bourbon and Brittany, against John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, to avenge the assassination of his father, Louis I.
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Giers
NICHOLAS CARLOVITCH DE (gerz), a Russian statesman; born May 21, 1820. After holding various posts, in 1875, he became adjunct to Prince Gortchakoff, the minister of foreign affairs, whom he succeeded in 1882. His policy in general was understood to His have peaceful tendencies, and in particular opposed to Panslavistic ideas of development. In central Asia, however, M. de Giers continued the policy of advance, and in 1885 the Russian occиpation of positions within the Afghan frontier nearly brought about a war with Great Britain. He died in St. Petersburg, Jan. 26, 1895.
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Giessen
a town of Hesse- Darmstadt, Germany, at the confluence of the Wieseck and the Lahn, 40 miles N. of Frankfort-on-the-Main. It is the seat of a university, founded in 1607, which possesses well-appointed laboratories, collections, and museums, and a good library, with 72 professors, and 672 students in 1899. Pop. about 31,000.
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Giffen
SIR ROBERT, an English economist; born in Strathaven, Scotland, in 1837; went to London in 1862, where he was sub-editor of the "Globe" till 1866. He was acting editor of the "Economist" under Walter Bagehot 1868-1876; then founded the "Statist" and became chief of the Statistical Department in the board of trade and assistant secretary in 1882. He was John Morley's assistant on the "Fortnightly Review" in 1873- 1876; and is the author of a number of reports, papers, and essays, which have given him a high rank. His works include "American Railways as Investments" (1873); "Stock Exchange Securities" (1877); "Essays on Finance" (1879); "The Progress of the Working Classes" (1884). He died April 12, 1910.
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