Gonzaga
a princely family which gave a line of dukes to Mantua and Montferrat. The sway of this race over Mantua extended over a period of three centuries. The Gonzagas gradually monopolized all the chief posts of command, both civil and military; in 1432 they were invested with the title and jurisdiction of hereditary marquises, and in 1530 with that of dukes or sovereigns of the state. The house of Gonzaga and that of the Visconti Dukes of The Milan were perpetually at war. marquisate was granted to Giovanni Francesco in 1433. The 10th and last Duke of Mantua, Ferdinando Carlo, who had countenanced the French in the War of the Succession, was deprived by the , and Emperor Joseph I. of his states placed under the ban of the empire. He died in exile in 1708, leaving no issue. A branch of the family ruled Guastalla till 1746.
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Goober
. See Peanut
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Good Friday
the Friday preceding Easter Sunday. It commemorates the crucifixion of Christ, and is observed as a day of religious service, especially in the Roman Catholic and Protestant Episcopal churches. In England and Ireland it is a legal holiday. In some of the American states, also, Good Friday is a school and bank holiday. Coming on a certain day of the week, the date necessarily shifts. The actual date of the Crucifixion is held to be April 6, 30 A. D. Good Templars, a secret order devoted to total abstinence from intoxicating liquor. The first lodge was organized in 1851 at Utica, New York , by Daniel Cady and his associates. Lodges were established in England in 1868. Members may be of either sex. They are pledged not to reveal the passwords and other secrets of their order. Also "that they will never make, buy, sell, use, furnish, nor cause to be furnished to others, as a beverage, any spirituous or malt liquors, wine, or cider, and will discountenance the manufacture and sale thereof in all proper ways." There are in all about 360,000 members. Lodges have been established throughout the English-speaking world.
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Good Hope
CAPE OF, the cape at the S. end of the narrow peninsula running S. from Cape Town, South Africa. The name is a translation of the Portuguese Cabo da Boa Esperança, the name given by King John II., of Portugal, because its doubling in 1487 by Bartholomew Diaz, who called it Cabo Tormentoso, or Stormy Cape, afforded good hope of the discovery of the long-soughtfor sea-way to India.
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Goodnow
FRANK JOHNSON, an American economist and educator; born in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1859. He graduated from Amherst College in 1879 and took post-graduate studies at Columbia and in Paris. He was on the faculty of Columbia University and professor of law and political science from 1883 to 1907. In 1913-1914 he acted as legal adviser to the Chinese Government. He was appointed president of Johns Hopkins University in the latter year. His published writings include "Municipal Problems" (1897); "City Government in the United States" (1904); "Municipal Government" (1910); "Social Reform and the Constitution" (1911). He also edited many works on the Constitution and Government. He was a member of many learned societies.
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Goodrich, Samuel Griswold
Samuel Griswold (1793-1860), an American writer, long known by the name of "Peter Parley." He was born at Ridgefield, Connecticut. He became a publisher in Boston, edited several periodicals, and wrote many juvenile books on a variety of subjects. The "Peter Parley" books, as they were called, included geographies, histories, stories, and articles on various arts and sciences. Two popular periodicals for young people which Goodrich conducted were Peter Parley's Magazine and Merry's Museum. During the presidency of Millard Fillmore Goodrich acted as American consul in Paris. He there published a French treatise on American Geography and History.
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Goodwin
WILLIAM WATSON, an American educator; born in Concord, Mass., May 9, 1831; was graduated at Harvard College in 1851; became Professor of Greek Literature in Harvard in 1860-1901. He is the author of "Syntax of the Moods and Tenses of the Greek Verb"; "Greek Grammar"; etc. He died in 1912.
MAUD WILDER, an American writer; born in Ballston Spa, N. Y., in 1856. Her novels include "The Colonial Cavalier"; "White Aprons"; "Sir Christopher"; "Veronica Playfair." She wrote "Dutch and English on the Hudson," and was a co-editor of "Historic New York."
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Goody Two Shoes
a tale usually but improperly classed with fairy stories. It is a story of a little girl so poor as to have but one shoe. When given a pair, she is so delighted that her constant repetition of the words "two shoes, two shoes," wins for her the nickname of Goody Two Shoes. No supernatural element is introduced, although the little girl is so extraordinarily good, unselfish, and capable as to seem almost supernatural. She is rewarded for her virtue and kindness by the affection of friends and neighbors, by a happy marriage, and by being reunited with her only relative, a brother from whom she was separated while a young child. The story was published first by Newbury, an English publisher, in 1765. The author is not known with certainty, but the story is supposed to have been written by Oliver Goldsmith.
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Goonass Pass
a pass in Bussahir, across the S. range of the Himalaya, 16,000 feet above the sea.
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Goorkhas
or GURKHAS, the dominant race in Nepal, descended from Hindu immigrants and claiming a Rajput origin. They overran the Khatmandu valley, and extended their power over Nepal in 1767-1768. Their advance S. led to the Nepal or Goorkha War of 1814-1815, and General Ochterlony's spirited campaign brought about the treaty of Segauli, which still defines English relations with Nepal, and which ceded various tracts in the Himalayas, The Goorkhas, who are a short, thick-set race, are brave and faithful soldiers, and lent valuable aid to the British in the suppression of the mutiny and subsequently. They also fought in the World War. Goorkha , or Gurkha, is about 53 miles from Khat Khatmandu , the present capital of Nepal al. It . was formerly the chief town. See NEPAL.
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