Goshen
a city and county-seat of Elkhart co., Ind.; on the Elkhart river and the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, and the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis railroads; 25 Chicago miles S. E. of South Bend. It manufactures wool, rubber goods, condensed flour, and farmmilk, furniture, iron, flour, ing implements; has a court house, high school, several churches, Goshen College, library, a National bank, daily and a weekly newspapers. Pop. (1910) 8,514; (1920) 9,525.
a village and county-seat of Orange co., N. Y., on the Erie, and the Lehigh and New England railroads: 59 miles N. W. of New York. It carries on a large trade in cheese and butter, which are widely celebrated for their excellence. It contains a court house, waterworks, churches, 2 National banks, and several weekly newspapers. Pop. (1910) 5,149; (1920) 5,016. GOSHAWK
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Goslar
an ancient town of Hanover, on the N. slope of the Harz Mountains, 27 miles S. E. of Hildesheim. It was at one time a free imperial city, and the residence of the emperors; has several noteworthy old buildings, as the called "Zwinger," walls 23 tower feet thick, the late Romanesque Church Neuwerk, of the 12th century, and the Frankenberger Church (1108, restored 1880), both with ancient frescoes; the emperor's house, built in 1050 by Henry III., the dwelling-house of the emperors till the middle of the 13th century, the meeting place of more than 20 imperial diets, restored in 1867-1880; the town house, built in 1136-1184; and the Kaiserworth an old building containing statues of eight emperors. To the S. of the town is the Rammelsberg, a mountain formerly very rich in silver, gold, copper, lead, sulphur, and green vitriol. The mines have been worked since 968. Goslar was founded by Henry I. in 920. About 1350 it joined the Hanseatic League. Its ancient prosperity began to depart from it in the middle of the 16th century; and it suffered severely in the Thirty Years' War. In 1802 it ceased to be a free imperial town and fell to Prussia, to whom it again returned in 1866, after having in the meantime belonged to Westphalia (from 1807) and Hanover (from 1816). Here were born Henry IV. and Marshal Saxe. The Wordsworths were here in 1798. Pop. about 18,000.
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Goslarite
an orthorhombic, white, reddish, bluish, transparent or translucent, brittle mineral of vitreous luster and nauseous taste. Called aslo gallitzenite.
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Gospel
a word used as the English equivalent of the Greek evangelion, or rather euaggelion, a good or joyful message. In the New Testament it denotes primarily the glad tidings respecting the Messiah and His kingdom-this was emphatically the Gospel (Anglo-Saxon, gôdspell, good tidings). It was quite naturally employed as a common title for the historical accounts which record the facts that constitute the basis of Christianity.
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Gosport
a markettown and seaport of Englan England, county of Hants, on the W. shore of Portsmouth harbor, and directly opposite Portsmouth, with which it is connected by a floating bridge. There are an extensive iron foundry for the manufacture of anchors and chain cables, naval powder magazines, barracks, the Royal Clarence victualing yard, which contains a brewery, a biscuit-baking establishment, and numerous storehouses and Haslar Hospital. Pop. (1917) 34,000.
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Gossamer
a fine, filmy cobweb, such as may be seen in stubble fields or on low bushes. It is spun by a small spider. In the calm, clear weather of autumn, gossamer films may be seen floating in the air. It is said that, by clinging to its gossamer, the minute spider is carried miles and miles. The term is applied to a variety of fine gauze, much used for veiling, also to any light fabric. It is also applied, inappropriately, however, to thin water-proofing material from which ladies' rain cloaks are made. See Spider
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Goth
one of an ancient race belonging to the Teutons, who originally occupied a great portion of European and Asiatic Russia. Filmer, their king, conducted a body of his nation to the coast of the Euxine, where it afterward increased into a numerous and formidable people under the names of Visigoths and Ostrogoths, the former occupying the countries to the W. of the Dnieper, the latter those to the E. The Visigoths crossed the Danube, plundered Rome and Italy, and fixed their residence in Spain, while their kindred, the Ostrogoths, took possession of of Italy, Italy, which they held till A. D. 544, when they were overthrown by Narses, general of Justinian. From this time the Goths as a nation make no figure in history except in Spain; but traces of their language, manners, and arts are still to be found in every country of the East. A branch of the Visigoths, settled in Mesia, the modern Bulgaria, are known as Mesogoths, and the translation of a great portion of the Bible by Wulfila, or Ulfila, a Christian bishop, about A. D. 350, fragments only of which have come down to us, is the earliest known specimen of the Gothic or Teutonic tribe of tongues. Figuratively, a barbarian; one deficient in or utterly without taste; a rude, ignorant person.
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Gotha
a town of Germany, alternately with Coburg the capital of the former duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, 31 miles W. by S. of Weimar, on the N. outskirts of the Thuringian ringian Forest. It is a handsome, well-built town, with fine parks. The principal public building is the castle of Friedenstein, built in 1643, 78 feet above the town; it contains a library of over 200,000 volumes and 6,000 MSS., and a very valuable numismatic collection. The museum (1878), in the Renaissance style, contains the picture gallery, in which Cranach, Van Eyck, Holbein, Rubens, and Rembrandt are represented; a very excellent cabinet of engravings; a natural history collection; collections of Egyptian, Roman, Greek and German antiquities; s; and a Japanese and Chinese museum. A new observatory was built in 1874. Gotha prior to the World War was an active industrial town, the principal manufactures being shoes, fire engine pipes, sugar and toys. Gotha sausages have a widespread celebrity. Several hundreds of designers, engravers, printers, and map-colorers were employed here in the geographical establishment of Justus Perthes, who also publishes the "Almanach de Gotha" (see ALMANAC). Pop. about 39,500.
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