Gloucester (City and port of entry)
a city and port of entry of Essex co., Mass., and Massachu setts Bay, near the extremity of Cape Ann, and on the Boston and Maine railroad; 32 miles N. E. of Boston. It is one of the most important fishing ports and fish markets in the world, having over 5,000 men engaged in the fisheries. Cod, haddock, halibut, herring, and mackerel are the principal catches. The Cape Ann granite quarries employ nearly 2,000 men, and supplied the granite for the postoffices at Boston and Baltimore and the East River bridge. The city is a popular summer resort, and has considerable historical interest. It was principally by settlers founded in 1623, from Gloucester, England, from which it received its name; was incorporated as a town in 1642; and became a city in 1874. It has the oldest Universalist Church in the United States, founded in 1770. There are the Sawyer Public Library, electric lights and street railroads, the Gilbert Hospital, Gilbert Home, Huntress Home for Aged Women, high school, daily and weekly newspapers, waterworks, and 2 National banks. Pop. (1910) 24,394; (1920) 22,947.
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Gloucester City
a city in Camden co., N. J.; on the Delaware river and on the Atlantic City and Pennsylvania railroad; 3 miles S. of Camden. It has steam ferry connections with Philadelphia, and has electric lights and street railroads, waterworks, cotton mills, iron, terra cotta, print works, the Welsbach gas mantle factory, and valuable fishing interests. There are weekly newspapers, and savings banks. Pop. (1910) 9,462; (1920) 12,162.
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Gloversville
a city in Fulton co., N. Y.; on the Fonda, Johnstown and Gloversville railroad, and on the Erie canal; 50 miles N. W. of Albar Albany. It is celebrated for its manufacture of gloves. It contains the Nathan Littauer Hospital, the Parsons Free Library, a high school, business college, a National bank, waterworks, electric lights and railroads, and daily and weekly newspapers. Pop. (1910) 20,642; (1920) 22,075.
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Glow Worm
a beetle of which the male flies and does not shine, while the female shines and does not fly. It is from the latter sex, therefore, that the name glow worm has been derived. The phosphoric light is displayed at the tail of the insect.
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Glowworm
a beetle famous for emitting light. The common glowworm of English literature is the wingless and, therefore, wormlike female of a beetle closely related to our firefly. This insect is about half an inch long, black, with dusky reddish legs and a marginal line of the same color. Like our firefly, the glowworm is nocturnal. The last segments of its body emit a steady, strong, soft, bluish gleam. As the light-giving female has no wings, it is easily caught. A couplet from Hamlet gives a glimpse of the hours Shakespeare kept and of his keen observation: The glowworm shows the matin to be near, And 'gins to pale his uneffectual fire. Evidently the poet did not know that it is the female that glows. "The glowworm," says Mr. Edison, "can do something we have not learned to do. It can give light without heat." For a further discussion see FIREFLY. Glub-dub-drib. A land visited by Captain Lemuel Gulliver in which only musicians dwelt. See Gulliver'S Travels
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Gloxinia
a genus of plants, order Gesneraceæ. Some of the species are among the more popular flowers, and are well known to gardeners by their foxglove-shaped flowers of varied colors, each standing on a separate stalk-in some forms with the opening of the tube directed downward; in others standing erect. The gloxinia generate buds from fragments of their leaves, under the hands of the cultivator.
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Gluchov
a town in the government of Tchernigoff, Russia; 112 miles E. of Tchernigoff. It has manufactures of soap, candles, and leather, and a considerable trade in grain. In the vicinity is the chief source for porcelain clay in the empire. Pop. about 15,000.
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Gluck
CHRISTOPH WILLIBALD (glök), a German composer; born in Weidenwang, July 2, 1714; studied music at Milan, under San Martini, and presented soon afterward several operas in theaters in Italy. Judging that his want of success was partially due to the weakness of the libretti, he conjoined with himself in his labors the poet Ranieri di Calzabigi, and his next subsequent opera, "Helena and Paris," was received with tumults of applause. In 1774 he went to Paris, and presented there successively CHRISTOPH WILLIBALD GLUCK several masterpieces, as "Iphigenia in Aulis," "Orpheus," "Armidas," "Iphigenia in Taurus," "Alcestes." He died in Vienna, Nov. 15, 1787. GLÜCKSTADT (glük'stät), a town in the province of Schleswig-Holstein, Prussia, on the Elbe river, 32 miles N. W. of Hamburg. Founded in 1616 by Christian IV. of Denmark, it is a pretty town, regularly built, and intersected by canals, its chief building the Rathaus (1642; restored 1874). During the Thirty Years' War Glückstadt successfully withstood three sieges; its fortifications were demolished in 1815.
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Gluck (ALMA a soprano singer born)
ALMA, a soprano singer, born in Bucharest, Rumania, in 1886. At the age of three she was brought to the United States, where she was educated in the public schools and at Normal College of New York. She studied music in that city, and made her first appearance in 1909 in opera. She at once gained recognition as an artist of unusual talent, both in opera and on the concert stage. In 1914 she married Efrem Zimbalist, violinist.
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Glucosuria
a form of diabetes. The name has reference to the fact that the urine of persons affected with this disease contains sugar.
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Glume
or GLUMA, the exterior series of scales constituting the flower of a grass. It consists of empty bracts. The name was given by Linnæus and adopted by Lindley.
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Glumella
a name given by De Candolle and Desvaux to two bracts within the glumes of a grass; the other name being pale. In one of the bracts the heating heating midrib quits the blade a little below the hour apex, and is elongated into an awn, arista, or beard, while the other bract 184°. which faces the fruit has its back to the rachis, is bifid at the apex, has no dorsal veins, and has a rib on each side of its inflexed edges. These two bracts are called by Linnæus the corolla of the grass, by Jussieu the calyx, by Robert Brown the perianth, and by Lindley and others its paleæ.
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