Golitzine
NICHCLAS, PRINCE, a Russian statesman, member of an illustrious Russian noble family, born in Wiesbaden, Prussia . He was known as one of the most reactionary supporters of the Czarist Government . In the fall of 1916, when the Duma demanded a more responsible form of government, Trepoff, then Premier, was forced to resign, and was succeeded by Golitzine as Premier. Golitzine, however, played entirely a subordinate part to that of the Minister of the Interior, Protopopoff, the latter being responsible for the activities of the Cabinet, which finally led to the revolution of March, 1917. GOLOMYNKA (Comephorus or Callionymus baikalensis ), a remarkable fish, found only in Lake Baikal, the only known species of its genus. It is about DER, a German soldier, born in Bielken-
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Golt-Schut
used for a small ingot of gold. Also an a name colloquially itzebu; a silver coin in Japan, worth 44 cents. 1879 and took an active part in the revomajor-general. He was governor of the lution of 1905, rising to the rank of province of Santa Clara during the First American Intervention and served in the same position under the presidency of Estrada Palma. He was a candidate for the presidency in 1905 but withdrew prior to the election. He was arrested in 1906 on the charge of attempting to foment a revolution, and he remained in prison until the Second American Intervention. He was elected President of the Republic in 1908. His administration was marked by financial and economic difficulties and there were charges of corruption on the part of the administration. A revolution broke out in 1912 which was crushed. In the following year President Gomez retired from office. He was again a candidate for the presidency in 1920, but was defeated by Alfredo Zayas.
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Gomera
one of the Canary Islands. soldier and politician, born in the prov- GOMEZ , JOSÉ MIGUEL, a Cuban during the Ten Years' War from 1868 to a foot long, is destitute of scales, and is very soft, its whole substance abound-ince of Santa Clara in 1846. He served ing in oil, which is obtained from it by pressure.
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Gomez
MAXIMO (gō'meth), a Cuban military officer; born in Bani, San Domingo, in 1838; served as a lieutenant of cavalry in the last Spanish army sent to occupy that island. During the war with Haiti he won distinction at the battle of San Tome, in which action at the head of 20 men he conquered a much superior number. When the freedom of San Domingo was declared he accompanied the Spanish force to Cuba; but later, when General Villar maltreated some Cuban refugees, he became angry, and after personally assaulting that officer left the Spanish army. In 1868 he joined the Cuban insurrection known as the Ten Years' War. He aided in the capture of Jugnani, Bayamo, Tunas, and Holguin, and was a leading actor in many other successful engagements; was promoted Major- General and later succeeded General Agramonte as commander-in-chief. At the beginning of the war of 1895-1898 he again took up arms with the Cubans and fought with marked distinction till the Americans occupied Cuba. On Feb. 25, 1899, after marching through Havana with 2,500 of his soldiers, he was given a reception and banquet in that city by the United States military authorities. Later he was of invaluable service to General Brooke, the American governorgeneral, in the work of reconstruction on the island. In 1900-1901 he was conspicuously mentioned for the presidency ofetthes Cuban republic.omeAmong his are "Panchito Gomez" and Escolta." He died June 17, 1905, at Havana.
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Gompers, Samuel
Samuel (1850-), a leader of American labor. He was born in London and while yet a child of ten was apprenticed to a shoemaker. Such education as he received was gained after working hours. At thirteen he came to America and engaged in cigarmaking. He rose to the presidency of the cigarmakers' union. He was influential in forming the Cigar Workers' International Union and, later, the American Federation of Labor . He was elected president of the latter organization in 1882. He stood from the first for freedom from alliance with any political party. He was named by common consent editor of the Federation organ and did a large part of the thinking for the organization. For years Mr. Gompers gave his services to the cause of labor. During the great strikes of 1886 he traveled extensively at his own expense. In later years, when the Federation was in shape financially, he was accorded a salary. Mr. Gompers has declined desirable appointments, nominations for public office, and lucrative employment repeatedly, preferring to devote his energies to the cause of trade unions. In 1909 he traveled extensively in Europe. See Federation Of Labor
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Goncourt
EDMOND and JULES DE, French novelists and brothers; the former born in Nancy, France, May 26, 1822, the latter in Paris, Dec. 17, 1830. They became celebrated as the joint authors of a number of famous writings, including "History of the French Society During the Revolution and Under the Directory" (1865); "Well-Known Portraits of the Eighteenth Century" (1878); "History of Marie Antoinette" (1858); "The Mistresses of Louis XV." (1860); "The Art of the Eighteenth Century" (1874); "Ideas and Sensations" (1866), etc. Jules died in Auteuil, June 20, 1896; Edmond in 1870.
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Gondar
the capital of Amhara, in Abyssinia, on a basaltic hill 23 miles N. of Lake Tzana. It was formerly the residence of the emperor, and at one time had about 50,000 inhabitants. of the The hill is crowned by the ruin old castle, built by Indian architects under Portuguese direction; burned by Theodore in 1867, and now left to the bats and hyenas. GONOLOBUS (nol'-) the typical genus of the tribe Gonolobeæ. It consists of twining or shrubby plants, common in the United States, with racemes, or corymbs of greenish or dingy purple flowers. About 60 species are known. The juice of G. macrophyllus is said to be used by the North American Indians to poison their arrows.
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Gonsalvo
or GONZALVO OF COR- DOVA, HERNANDEZ Y AGUILAR, a Spanish general, called "The Great Captain"; born near Cordova, Spain, March 1453. He was of noble family, and 16, at an early age entered the army. He first distinguished himself in the great war of Ferdinand and Isabella with the Moors, which ended with the conquest of Granada in 1492. His next achievement was the recovery of the kingdom of Naples from the French, who conquered it under Charles VIII. in 1495. When Louis XII. renewed the invasion of Italy, Gonsalvo was again sent there, and, after a temporary division of the country between France and Spain, he expelled the French, established again the Spanish rule, and was named viceroy of Naples. Through the jealousy of Ferdinand, and the calumnies of the courtiers, he was deprived of his office in 1507, when he retired to Granada, and died there Dec. 2, 1515. GONVILLE AND CAIUS (kēz) COL- LEGE, a college of Cambridge University, England, founded in 1348 by Ed- Norfolk. mund Gonville, of Terrington, In 1558 Dr. Caius obtained the royal charter by which all the former foundations were confirmed and his own foundation was established. By this charter the college was thenceforth to be called Gonville and Caius College.
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