Grossmith
GEORGE. An English actor. He was born in 1874 and was educated at University College, London, and at Paris. First acted in London in "Haste to the Wedding" operetta, and made his first hit in the "Morocco Bound," after which he appeared in "Go Bang," "The Gaiety Girl," and other musical plays in England and the United States. Played in the Un United States with Mrs. Langtry in "The Degenerates," after appearing in its successful production played at the Gaiety in London. Has Theater, London, since 1900, with the exception of some appearances in New York and Paris. Part author of the "Spring Chicken," "Havana," "The Girls Peggy." He first of Gottenburg," and " popularized the "revue" in England.
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Grosswardein
or NAGY-VARAD (nody'vä-rod), a town of Bihar co., Hungary; on the Sabes Körös, 152 miles S. S. E. of Pest. Formerly a fortress, it is now the seat of a Roman Catholic and of a Greek bishop, has several churches, and prior to the World War manufactured spirits, oil, vinegar, tiles, matches, pottery, and wine. In the neighborhood is the Bishop's Bath, with alkaline sulphur springs. At Grosswardein peace was concluded between Ferdinand I. of Austria and John Zapolya apolya of Transylvania in 1538. It was taken and pillaged by Turks in 1660, and remained in their hands till its recapture by the Austrians in 1692. Pop. about 65,000.
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Grosvenor
GILBERT HOVEY, an American editor, born at Constantinople, Turkey, in 1875. He was educated at Robert College, Constantinople, and graduated from Amherst College in 1897. After teaching for two years in Englewood, N. J., he became associate editor of the "National Geographic Magazine." He was appointed managing editor in 1900 and editor-in-chief in 1903. In 1899 he was director of the National Geographic Society, and was made its president in 1920. He wrote "The Explorations of the 19th Century" (1900); "The Land of the Best" (1916); and "Flags for the World" (1917). He contributed numerous articles to magazines. He was appointed associate editor of the "Proceedings of the 8th International Geographical Congress" in 1905.
EDWIN AUGUSTUS, an American educator, born at Newburyport, Mass., in 1845. He graduated from Amherst College in 1867, and from 1873 to 1890 he was professor of history at Robert College. He afterward served on the faculty of Amherst College as professor of history and modern government, from 1892. He traveled much in Europe and Asia and was widely known as a lecturer on historic and diplomatic subjects. He contributed many articles to encyclopædias, magazines, and reviews. He wrote "The Hippodrome of Constantinople and Its Still Existing Monuments" (1899); "Constantinople" (1895); "Contemporary History of the World" (1899). He was the editor of the "Reference History of the World" (1909).
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Grotius
or DE GROOT, HUGO (grot), a Dutch statesman; born in Delft, Holland, April 10, 1583. In 1599 he commenced his career as advocate; and he was successively appointed historiographer, advocate-general of Holland and Zealand, a member of the states-general, and envoy to England. In 1613 he became cyndic, or pensionary, of Rotterdam, and declaring himself on the side of Barneveldt, he supported him and the cause of the Arminians. But he narrowly escaped the fate of Barneveldt, who suffered on the scaffold, and eived sentence of imprisonment for life in the fortress of Lœwestein. From this, however, at the expiration of 18 months, which he had employed in writing his his celebrated "Treatise on the Truth of the Christian Religion," he succeeded in escaping. This was effected by the management of his wife, who contrived to have him carried out of the castle in a chest. Grotius at first sought an asylum in France where he composed his great work, "The Justice of War and Peace." After an absence of 12 years, he returned to his native country, but was condemned to perpetual banishment. He passed the remnant of his life in the diplomatic service of Sweden.
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Groton
a town in New London co., Conn., on the Thames river and Long Island Sound, opposite New London. There still may be seen Fort Griswold, memorable for the massacre of an American garrison by the British in 1781. The British having captured the fort after a desperate resistance, Colonel Ledyard, the American commander, surrendered to the officer of the detachment, and was immediately killed with his own sword, most of his men being also butchered. A granite monument, to commemorate that event, was erected in 1830. Pop. about 2,000.
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Grouchy
MARQUIS EMMANUEL DE (grö-she'), a French military officer; born in Paris, Oct. 23, 1766; entered the army at 14; threw in lot Revolution, and had this first with the serious work in helping to paste the Vendean revolt. After being nominated second to Hoche for the abortive expedition to Ireland, though Grouchy did enter Bantry Bay, he proceeded to join Joubert in Italy in 1798. Under Moreau he greatly distinguished himself in Piedmont, and at Novi was taken prisoner but subsequently exchanged in 179 1799. Later he fought with conspicuous gallantry at Hohenlinden, Eylau, Friedland, Wagram, and in the Russian campaign of 1812, being appointed during the memorable retreat leader of the bodyguard of Napoleon. After the disastrous battle of Leipsic, Grouchy covered the retreat of the French on the W. side of the Rhine. Among the first to welcome Napoleon after his escape from Elba, Grouchy destroyed the Bourbon opposition in the S. of France, and then, hastening N., routed Blücher at Ligny. After the defeat at Waterloo and the second abdication of Napoleon, Grouchy, appointed by the provisional government commander-in-chief of the broken armies of France, led them skillfully back toward the capital; then, resigning, he went to the United States. He returned from exile in 1819, and was reinstated as marshal in 1831. He died in St. Étienne, May 29, 1847.
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Ground Cherry
a well known relative of the tomato, potato, and red pepper. There are over thirty species. Wild ground cherries are found throughout eastern North America . They have a tomato-like foliage and flower, but the fruiting calyx enlarges into a papery bladder entirely surrounding the berry. Ground cherries are chiefly used for preserves. Husk tomato, strawberry tomato, bladder cherry, Chinese lantern plant, cape gooseberry, and winter cherries are some of the names applied to the curious fruit of this plant. See Tomato ; Cayenne Pepper
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