Each of these 10 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
gel'der-roz, a cultivated variety of viburnum. It is related to the high bush cranberry and is not a rose at all. The white flowers are barren. Instead of forming flat cymes, the blossoms are collected in a large globose head or ball. It is called usually the snowball tree. It is hardy, and is planted in lawns and other places for ornamental purposes. When in flower it is a handsome plant. The foliage is also attractive.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
a province of the Netherlands, between the Zuider Zee on the N. W. and the Prussian dominions on the S. E.; area, 1,965 square miles. It is watered chiefly by the Meuse, the Yssel, the Rhine, and the Waal. It was originally inhabited by the Batavi and Sigambri, and after them by the Franks. In 870 it passed to Germany; and in the end of the 11th century became a territorial power, its ruler bearing the title of count. This was exchanged for the higher title of duke in 1383, and in 1483 the duchy was taken possession of by Maximilian of Austria. Yet it was not till 1543 that the power of the Duke of Guelders was finally broken and his land definitely incorporated with the Austrian Netherlands. By the peace of 1814 Guelders was finally divided between Holland and Prussia. Pop. (1918) 727,165.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
or GUELPH (gwelf), the name of a family, which in the 11th century was transplanted from Italy to Germany, where it became the ruling race of several countries. The family, until the World War, continued in the two lines of Brunswick, the royal in England, and the ducal in Germany. For their history, see GHIBELLINES.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
gwelfs and gib'e-linz, in Italian history, the names of two great factions. During the Middle Ages the conflicts of these parties filled the pages of history. The names arose in Germany from rival contestants for the imperial dignity. In Italy the Guelfs were identified with the cause of the pope, that is to say, the church, and of the free or independent cities. The Ghibellines were the party of the emperor. Local tyranny, despotism, and villainy of the worst sort veiled themselves under either name. Local factions, cities, and dukes changed sides as might seem best calculated to promote their interest, but, on the whole, the Guelf name is identified with decentralization and local independence; the Ghibellines with imperial authority. A statement of the way the Italian cities were defeated in 1167 may be found in the Britannica. In 1334 Pope Benedict XII forbade the further use "of those once stirring names which had long been the rallying words of a sanguinary warfare."
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a city, port of entry, and capital of Wellington co., Ontario; on the Speed river, 45 miles W. by S. of Toronto. It is the seat of the Ontario Agricultural College, and has several flour mills, woolen mills, and manufactories of sewing machines, the Speed supplying abundant motive power. Pop. about 15,200.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
an irregular mode of carrying on war by means of small, independent bands of armed men, self-constituted and ordered, unconnected with a regular a regular army, and entitled to dismiss themselves at any time. Guerilla warfare is mainly carried on in a country occupied by an enemy.
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JULES, an American artist, born in St. Louis, in 1866. He studied art in Paris and was awarded the silver medal at the St. Louis Exposition in 1904. He was director of color and decoration at the Panama-Pacific Exposition. He painted decorations for the Lincoln Memorial at Washington, and for the Pennsylvania Station in New York City. He was an associate of the National Academy, and was a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
the secondlargest and most W. of the Channel The soil is fertile. The breeding cattle Islands, lying off the N. coast of France, 46 miles from Cherbourg, and about 68 miles from Start Point in Devonshire. It is of a triangular form, area 19 square miles. The N. part is level, the S. more elevated, coast lofty and abrupt, the island being almost entirely of granite formation. The climate is extremely healthy. and the dairy are the principal objects of attention; and the butter made is highly esteemed. Horticulture and floriculture also receive much attention, and fruit, especially figs and grapes, is very abundant. The grapehouses are further utilized for the raising of early vegetables and tomatoes, which are sent to the London market. The principal exports are cattle , fruits, vegetables in the early spring; granite for paving, etc. The dialect of the island is the pure Norman of some centuries ago; but a knowledge of English is general. The principal educational institution is Elizabeth College, at St. Peter's Port, the capital, and only town in the island. Steamers ply regularly between Guernsey and London, Southampton, Plymouth and Weymouth. The island is under a lieutenant-governor, who represents the sove sovereign in the assembly of the states, a kind of local parliament. It is strongly fortified, and has a wellorganized militia. Pop. (1919) 45,000 .
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a State of Mexico , on the Pacific Ocean; area, 24,- 996 square miles; capital Chilpancingo. It is a broken mountainous country, rich in minerals, fertile in the upland valleys, and enjoying a favorable climate except on the coast. Pop. (1917) 620,416.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
ger-ril'la, a Spanish word meaning skirmishing warfare, and hence a body of skirmishers. The word is akin to the French guerre meaning war. In European warfare the term was used to designate a light body of troops calculated to do scouting or to surprise the enemy. . The word came into prominence during the invasion of Spain by French armies in the Napoleonic Wars. Of late the word has acquired a sinister meaning. During our Civil War bands of guerrillas responsible to nobody, little better in character and deed than bandits and horse thieves, roamed the borders, especially in Missouri, plundering and murdering. Quantrell, the James Brothers, and the Younger Boys were products of the guerrilla bands. Guerrillas are now associated in the popular mind with raiding, looting, train robbing, and the like.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia