These 10 listings are so strange that each appears in only one of the 7 encyclopedias we compared. They include such classics as Grackle, Gradisca, Grady.
a crow-like bird. In England the term is applied to a small crow or jackdaw. In India it applies to two different birds called the religious birds,--the religious grackle and the paradise grackle. In America we have the purple grackle or crow blackbird , the Texas or boat-tailed grackle, and the rusty grackle. The term is of very uncertain application.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Pig-iron produced from the same ores differs in its nature and quality, and must be rated or graded in such a manner as will indicate the special purpose for which each is applicable. Broadly stated, the classifications are commonly understood as gray, mottled, and white--a condition discovered by the fracture; but the gray iron is subjected to still further divisions, termed No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, etc., according as the fracture indicates the various degrees of hardness, commencing at the softest, No. 1, the numbers advancing as the hardness increases up to the point where they cease to be suitable for general foundry purposes, and are classed as forge-irons, being fit only for conversion into malleable iron in the puddling-furnace. The lack of fluidity common to the latter grades is a quality which makes them highly desirable for the puddling process, as in melting they pass, just before fusion is complete, into a pasty mass favorable for decarburization much easier and with less loss than could be possible if the pig-iron were gray and more fluid. See MALLEABLE IRON.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding
a town of Italy, on the Isonzo, 25 miles N. W. of Trieste. First fortified by the Venetians in 1478. Gradisca, with its territory, came into the hands of Austria in 1511, and during the next century and a half figured frequently in the wars between Austria and Venice. In 1647 it became a principality of the empire, but lapsed to the imperial crown again in 1717, and in 1754 was united to Görz. It reverted to Italy as the result of the treaty of St. Germain, following the World War.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
HENRY WOODFEN, an American journalist; born in Athens, Ga., in 1851; was educated at the University of Georgia; served in the Confederate army during the latter part of the Civil War; became one of the staff of the Atlanta "Herald," and correspondent of the New New York "Herald" in Georgia. His writings contributed much to the growth and prosperity of the "New South"; he was also one of the editors of the Atlanta "Constitution." Among Southern editors he was perhaps more widely known than any other. He died in Atlanta, Ga., Dec. 23, 1889. GRÄFENBERG (gra'fen-berg), a village of Czecho-Slovakia, 50 miles N. of Olmütz. It is celebrated as the spot where the water-cure (see HYDROPATHY) was introduced in 1826 by Vincenz Priessnitz (1799-1851). It still is visited yearly by many persons.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
in carpentry, a scarfing or endwise attachment of one timber to another, as in attaching an extra length or false pile to one already driven. In nautical language, the tapering of the end of a rope, usually covered by weaving yarns around it. In surgery, the transplanting of a portion of skin to a denuded surface. In husbandry, the act or process of inserting a shoot or scion taken from one tree or shrub in a vigorous stock of its own or a closely allied species, so as to cause them to unite and enable the graft to derive a larger supply of nutritive power than it could otherwise obtain.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a town in Worcester co., Mass.; on the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad; 6 miles S. E. of Worcester. It contains several villages, high school and a public library; manufactures cotton goods, emery, thread, shoes, soap, etc. Pop. (1910) 5,705; (1920) 6,887.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
AUGUSTUS HENRY FITZROY, DUKE OF, an English statesman, a descendant of Charles II.; born Oct. 1, 1735. In 1757 he succeeded his grandfather, the second duke (see CHARLES II.). He first came to the front in political life in 1763 in the opposition to Bute, and in July, 1765, he took office as Secretary of State under Rockingham, but resigned in the following May. Two months later Pitt became premier and Earl of Chatham, making Grafton First Lord of the Treasury; but in consequence of Chatham's continued illness Grafton was compelled to take on his own shoulders the responsible duties of head of the government from September, 1767. He resigned in 1770, accepted the office of Lord Privy Seal under Lord North in 1771, and filled it till November, 1775. When the new Rockingham ministry was formed in March, 1782, Grafton took his old post as Lord Privy Seal, but resigned office 13 months later. He was the target at which JUNIUS (q. v.) shot some of his sharpest invectives. He died in Euston Hall, Suffolk, England, March 14, 1811.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a city of West Virginia, the county-seat of Taylor co. It is on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad and on the Tygart's Valley river. It is an important railroad center and has the terminals of four divisions of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Its industries include railroad shops, flour mills, machine shops, cigar factories, etc. It has an important wholesale grocery trade. There is a national cemetery within the borders of the city. Pop. (1910) 7,563; (1920) 8,517.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
STEPHEN, an English author. He was born in 1884 and after leaving school engaged in journalism in London, and then went to live with peasants and students in Little Russia and Moscow, tramping in the Caucasus, Crimea, Ural Mountains, and on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, crossing Atlantic with emigrants, emigrants, tramping from New York to Chicago, later in central Asia, Egypt, Bulgaria, Rumania and Nor- Served in World War and conway. tributed articles to "London Times." His works include: "A Vagabond in the Caucasus"; "Undiscovered Russia"; "A Tramp's Sketches"; "Changing Russia"; "Through Russian Central Asia"; "Priest of the Ideal"; "Private in the Guards."
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
An escapement invented by George Graham, in which the locking faces of the pallets are arcs of a circle concentric with the axis of the anchor, from which it gets the name dead-beat escapement, that is, the escape wheel tooth lies dead upon the locking face of the anchor and has no recoil or circular motion, except at the time it delivers an impulse. This form requires more care in making than the recoil. When applied to a seconds pendulum the escape wheel is made with thirty teeth, if a second hand is mounted. The anchor is made to cover from eight to ten teeth of the escape wheel. As the number of teeth covered by the anchor is decreased, correspondingly greater care is necessary in the making. Saunier says, "if this amount is exceeded the thickening of the oil has an appreciable influence, and, with a less amount, very accurate workmanship is necessary.
Only in American Watchmaker and Jeweler