Guinefort
A strange story has been left on record by Father Etienne Bourbon, a Dominican, who died in 1262. He relates that while he was preaching in the diocese of Lyons, many women came to him confessing that they had taken their children to St. Guinefort. Curious to know what sort of saint it might be whose cult called for confession, Father Bourbon enquired into the matter, and found that Guinefort was a dog! It was, in fact, that dog which had given rise to the well-known fable of the dog and the serpent, wherein a dog is killed under the unjust suspicion that it has slain a child, which in reality it has saved from the attack of a serpent. This dog-martyr it was to whose "shrine" the women brought their children. A similar story is told of a dog named Ganelon, whose tomb was in Auvergne, in the neighbourhood of a fountain. The adventure took place during the reign of Louis le Debonnaire. Two or three centuries later it was found that the waters of the fountain possessed medicinal virtues, but cures were attributed to the unknown occupant of the tomb-that is, until a certain bishop found among the archives of the Château the anecdote of Ganelon.
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Guinegate
a village of Hainault, Belgium; the scene of two French defeats. On Aug. 17, 1479, they were beaten by Maximilian I. of Austria; and on Aug. 16, 1513, by Henry VIII. and the Emperor Maximilian. This battle was called the Battle of the Spurs, the French knights having made more use of their spurs than of their swords.
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Guines
formerly GUISNES, a small town in France, 8 miles S. of Calais; the scene of "the Field of the Cloth of Gold."
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Guinevere
in the Arthurian legends, the daughter of Leodogran, king of Camelyard. She was the most beautiful of women and became the wife of King Arthur. She proved untrue to her husband, and thus set in motion the chain of events which led finally to the disruption of his kingdom and his overthrow in battle. Tennyson has told the story of Guinevere's guilt, her remorse, and her holy life thereafter in his Idylls of the King . See Idylls Of The King ; Arthur
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Guiney
LOUISE IMOGEN (gì' ni), an American poet; born in Boston, Jan. 7, 1861. Among her volumes of verse may be mentioned: "Verse"; "Songs at the Start"; "A Roadside Harp"; "Martyr's Idyl"; etc. She has also published: "Goose-Quill Papers"; "Brownies and Bogles"; "Monsieur Henri"; "A Little English Gallery"; "Lovers' Saint Ruths"; "Patrins"; "The Secret of Fougereuse"; "Hurrell Froude" (1904) "The Blessed Edmund Campion" (1908), etc. She died in 1920.
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Guisborough
a town of the North Riding of Yorkshire, England, at the foot of the Cleveland Hills, in the midst of the iron mining district, 9 miles E. S. E. of Middlesborough. The earliest alum works in England were established here about the year 1600. Here too are the remains of a priory built in 1119 by Robert de Brus, and at the time of the Reformation one of the wealthiest monastic institutions in the kingdom.
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Guiscard
ROBERT (gēs-kär'), Duke of Apulia and Calabria; born near Coutances, Normandy, about 1015; won great renown in south Italy as a soldier, and after the death of William and Humphrey was proclaimed Count of Apulia. Guiscard next captured Reggio and Cosenza (1060), and thus conquered Cala bria, in the possession of which he was confirmed by Pope Nicholas II. Robert now became the Pope's champion, and along with his younger brother Roger waged incessant war against Greeks and Saracens in south Italy and Sicily, both of which gradually fell under their arms, the latter being, however, given to Roger as count. The closing years of his life were occupied in fighting against Alexius Comnenus, who had deposed Michael VII. from the throne of Constantinople. He died in Cephalonia, July 17, 1085.
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Guitry
LUCIEN. A French actor. He was born in Paris in 1860, and after receiving his education in the Paris schools, went on the stage and had considerable success from the beginning. An opportunity offering for work in Russia he went there and spent nine years at the Théâtre Michael, Petrograd. The rôles in which he has won success are numerous, the most noted being in "L'Assommoir," "La Veine," "L'Adversaire," "Le Mannequin-d'osier," "La Griffe," "Le Voleur," "Sampson," "L'Emigré," "Chantecle." He is Manager of Porte St. Martin and Director of the Renaissance Theatre.
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Guizot
FRANÇOIS - PIERRE -
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Guizot, Francois
ge-zo', Francois (1787-1874), a distinguished French statesman and historian. He was born at Nimes. At the age of twelve he resided in Geneva. In 1805 he took up the study of law in Paris. Seven years later he was made assistant professor of literature. Soon after he was called to a newly established chair, that of modern history in the Sorbonne. He began writing for publication as early as 1816. The titles of his published works exceed thirty. A translation of his History of Civilization in Europe was for several decades a popular college text. He taught that civilization is the outgrowth of large factors and that men--even Napoleon--are but instruments. He held a number of state offices. In 1828 he was elected to the chamber of deputies. In 1830 he became minister of the interior and continued to hold important ministerial positions until 1848. In theology he was a Calvinist; in politics he was a supporter of the temporal sovereignty of the pope and of the Bourbon dynasty in France. Guizot stood for freedom, character, and education. See Rollins; Lamartine
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Gujarat
or GUZERAT, the chief town of Gujarat district, in the Punjab, India; a few miles N. of the present bed of the Chenab; is a place of some military and political importance, as well as the center of a considerable trade. Here, in 1849, a decisive battle was fought, which finally broke the Sikh power, and brought the whole Punjab under British rule.
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Gujranwala
chief town of Gujranwala district in the Punjab, India; 40 miles N. of Lahore. It was for a time the capital of the Sikh power, and Ranjit Singh was born here.
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