Grampians
a mountain range in Scotland. They commence in W. Scotland from the extremity of the lowest arm of the Frith of Clyde, between the counties of Argyle and Dunbarton, and running S., sweep round in a deep semicircle to the E., till they nearly impinge on the German Ocean, in the county of Kincardine. Before reaching this terminus a branch is thrown off, which, trending in a N. W. direction, forms a lesser curve, which, passing through Aberdeen, Banff, and Elgin, is finally lost on the skirts of Inverness-shire. In this extended course it sends up several lofty peaks that form the highest eminences in Scotland. Of these the most important are Ben Lomond, Ben Ledi, Ben More, Ben Lawer, and Ben Voirlich. Also, the name of a mountain chain in the colony of Victoria, South Australia, whose highest point is Mount William, which is 4,500 feet above the level of the sea. Danube, here crossed by a bridge of
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Grampus
. See Porpoise
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Gran
town of Hungary, on the boats, 25 miles N. W. of Pest, and opposite the mouth of the Gran river. The town is the see of the primate of Hungary, and its great domed cathedral (1821-1856), on the castle hill, reveals in its magnificent proportions St. Peter's at Rome. The palace of the prince-archbishop, who was formerly primate of Hungary, is the chief of many buildings in connection with the cathedral. Gran was the cradle of Christianity in Hungary; here St. Stephen, the first king, was born in 979, and baptized and crowned in 1000. In the next two centuries it became the greatest commercial town in the kingdom. Pop. about 20,000.
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Granada
gra-na'da, an ancient kingdom of the Moors. It had a Mediterranean frontage and now forms three provinces of southern Spain. Granada, the capital city of the kingdom, was also the chief commercial city. It is beautifully situated on two rivers at the foot of the Sierra Nevada. First the city with its terraces and gilded mosques, then the Alhambra, and behind these the snow-capped mountains,--travelers describe Granada as an imposing sight. The Moors made their last stand in Europe here. Sixty thousand men held the city for a year against the forces of Ferdinand and Isabella, but they were forced to surrender their stronghold in 1492. See Moors ; Spain ; Alhambra
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Granada (Ancient kingdom and one)
an ancient kingdom, and one of the old provinces in southern Spain, bounded by Andalusia, Murcia, and the Mediterranean. It is now divided into the provinces of Granada, Almeria, and Malaga, the united areas of which amount to 11,063 square miles. The surface of Granada is mountainous and picturesque in a high degree. The mountain ranges, the chief of which are Sierra Nevada, the Sierra de Ronda, and the Alpujarras, run parallel with the coast. The principal rivers are the Almanzora, Almeria, Genil, Guadalhorce, and Guadiaro. The province is on the whole fruitful and highly cultivated. The mountains are rich in silver, copper, lead, and iron. Granada was part of the Roman province of Boetica; but after the Arab invasion it formed an independent Moorish kingdom. It was the last possession of the Moors in Spain, and was conquered by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1492.
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Granada (City and capital of the above)
city and capital of the above province, was the ancient metropolis of the Moors in Spain, and stands on the Genil, 120 miles from Seville. The town exhibits the form of a half-moon, its streets rising above each other, with a number of turrets and gilded cupolas, the whole crowned by the Alhambra, or palace of the ancient Moorish kings. It is built on two adjacent hills, and divided into four quarters. The Darro river runs between the two hills and traverses the town, after which it falls into the larger stream of the Genil, which flows outside the walls. The principal buildings are the cathedral, the archbishop's palace, the mansion occupied by the captain-general of the province, the university; but the grand ornament of Granada is the Alhambra, the wonder of Arabian architecture. Its remains sufficiently evince its original splendor. It commands a beautiful prospect; but a still finer is afforded by another Moorish palace, called the "Generalife," built on the opposite hill, and the retreat of the court during the heats of summer. Pop. about 78,000.
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Granada (Department and city)
a department and city of Nicaragua. The department, lying between the Pacific and Lakes Nicaragua and Managua has an area of nearly 2,600 square miles; is mostly a level savannah, but contains the volcano of Masaya and the Mombacho peak (4,500 feet). The city is on the N. W. side of Lake Nicaragua, and is connected with Managua by rail. Founded in 1522, it was formerly the chief town of the republic, but has suffered greatly from the civil wars. It is still an important trading center. Pop. about 17,100.
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Grand
MME. SARAH, an English novelist; born (Frances Elizabeth Clarke) in Ireland. She married a British naval officer almost immediately on leaving school, and traveled widely. "The Heavenly Twins" made her famous. "Singularly Deluded" and "Ideala"; "Babs the Impossible" (1900); Emotional Moments" (1908); "Adam's Orchard" (1912), are among her other works of fiction. She lectured in the United States in 1901. GRANDPRÉ, a village of France, in Ardennes, on the Aire, 36 miles S. E. of Mézières. It was at first taken by the Germans but relinquished by them following the battle of the Marne. Some with of the fiercest battles of the war the French troops were fought in the region.
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Grand Copt
(See Cagliostro .)
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Grand Forks
a city and countyseat of Grand Forks co., N. D.; on the Red River of the North and the Great Northern and the Northern Pacific railroads; 25 miles N. W. of Crookston. It is the seat of the University of North Illinois, was chosen commander-in-chief Dakota, St. Bernard's Academy, and Grand Forks College; and contains a high school, 2 National banks, and daily and weeky newspapers. There are flour and lumber mills, large agricultural and lumbering industries. Pop. (1910) 12,478; (1920) 14,010.
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Grand Grimoire, The
A work pretended to be edited by a suppositious person, Antonia del Rabina, who, it is alleged, prepared his edition from a copy transcribed from the genuine writings of King Solomon . The work is divided into two parts: the first containing the evocation of Lucifuge Rocofale (See " Ceremonial Magic " in article "Magic"); the second being concerned with the rite of making pacts with demons. The work is regarded as one of the most atrocious of its type; but there is little reason for such heavy condemnation, as its childish and absurd. character must be patent to everyone. Eliphas Levi says that it pretends to confer the Powder of Protection, that great mystery of the sages, but that in reality it confers the Powder of Consecution-whatever that may imply. The first portion of the Grand Grimoire in a process for the evocation of evil spirits to assist the operator to discover hidden treasure. The second part, that which deals with facts, suggests the surrender of the magician body and soul to the demon, and it is in this that the diabolical excellencies of the work consist. But the pact, as it stands, is grossly unfair to the devil, for the working of it is such, that the magician can very readily slip through his fingers.
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