Grant (ROBERT an American author born)
ROBERT, an American author; born in Boston, Mass., Jan. 24, 1852; was graduated from Harvard in 1873 and the Harvard Law School in 1879. From 1893 he was a judge of probate and insolvency for Suffolk co., Mass. Among his most popular works are: "The Little Tin Gods on Wheels" (1879); Frivolous Girl" "Confessions of a (1880); "An Average Man" (1883); ions of a Married Man" "The Reflections (1892); "Unleavened Bread" (1900); "The Orchid" (19 (1905); "The Law Break- The Chippendales" (1909); ers" (1906); "The "The High Priestess" (1915); "Their Spirit" (1916); "Law and the Family" (1919). He also wrote the well-known boys' stories, "Jack Hall" (1887); "Jack in the Bush" (1888).
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Grantham
a parliamentary borough of Lincolnshire, England, on the Witham river, 25 miles S. ri S. W. of Lincoln. It lies on the ancient Ermine street; is an important junction on the Great Northern railway; and a canal, 30 miles long, connects it with the Trent near Nottingham. Among the notable buildings is the St. Wolfran's Church, in style, mainly Early English of the 13th century. The quaint Angel Inn is still standing, in which Richard III. signed Buckingham's death warrant. Oliver Cromwell here, May 13, 1643, ; but the town's won his first success greatest glory is Sir Isaac Newton, who, during 1655-1656, attended its grammar school. A bronze statue of him by Theed was erected in 1858. The school in 1528 was founded by Bishop Fox . im- The manufacture of agricultural , and brick-making are plements, malting the chief industries. Grantham was incorporated by Edward IV. in 1463. The borough boundary was largely extended in 1879. Pop. about 20,000.
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Granville
EARL See CARTERET.
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Granville (Seaport Manche France)
a seaport Manche, France in the department of La , English on a rocky promontory on the Malo. The Channel, 23 miles N. E. of St. 15th-century church and a hydrographic principal institutions. college are the the French The town was captured by in 1450, and the English in 1695, and unsuccessfully besieged by the Vendéans in 1803. Pop. 1793, and the English in about 12,000.
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Gras
FELIX, a Provençal poet; born in Malemort, France, May 3, 1844; became a lawyer and "juge de paix" in and one of the department of Vaucluse, , standing the leading Provençal writers . next in popular estimation to Mistral are: the "The His most famous works Reds of the Midi," and its sequel, "The Terror," stories of the French Revolution, translated into English by Mrs. T. ) A. Janvier: "Li Carbouniè" (1876 ; "Toloza" (1882), epic poems; "Lou Roushorter mancero Prouvençau" (1887), , Avignon poems; "Li Papalino" (1891) editor of the "Armana stories. He was Prouvençau," a literary ary annual; and 1891, the "Capouliè," or official after society of head, of the "Félibrige," the Provençal men of letters. He died in Avignon, March 4, 1901.
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Grass Cloth
a thin fabric of a brownish color made in China and India from ramie or rhea fiber. The name was given to it by the English residents of Canton. A light cotton fabric of buff color made in America in imitation of the Chinese cloth is called grass cloth.
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Gratian
a Roman emperor; eldest son of Valentinian I., by his first wife Severa; born in Pannonia 359 A. D.; elected by his father to the rank of Augustus, 367. On the death of Valentinian, 375, the troops elevated Gratian to the throne, giving him at the same time as a colleague his halfbrother Valentinian II. During the first part of his reign, a fierce warfare was carried on against the tribes who possessed the Danubian provinces and Illyricum; and he was on the point of marching into Thrace, to assist his uncle Valens against the Goths, when he was suddenly called upon to defend his dominions against the Lentienses, a tribe of the Alemanni. After the invaders had been defeated, Gratian advanced toward the Eastern Empire, but while on the way he learned that his uncle Valens had been defeated and killed by the Goths near Adrianople, 378. The sovereignty of the Eastern Empire then devolved on Gratian, but feeling his inadequacy to the task of ruling the whole empire, he recalled Theodosius from Spain, and appointed him his colleague, 379. Gratian possessed some admirable virtues; but his fondness for frivolous amusements and unworthy associates excited the contempt of the army, so that when Maximus was proclaimed emperor by the legions in Britain crowds of the disaffected flocked to his standard. Gratian was defeated by him near Paris, and afterward fled to Lyons, where he was overtaken and killed, 383.
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Grattan
HENRY, an Irish statesman; born in Dublin, July 3, 1746; graduated at Trinity College, and went to London to study and practice law. In 1772 he was called to the bar in his native country, and three years after entered the Irish House of Commons, where his brilliant eloquence soon raised him to distinction. In 1780, the British Parliament having attempted to frame laws for the sister country, to the humiliation of the Irish Parliament and executive, Grattan moved the resolution, "That the King's most excellent Majesty, and the Irish House of Lords and Commons, are the only competent powers to make laws to govern Ireland." So enthusiastic was the national feeling on this occasion that he was voted the sum of $500,000. Of this, however, Grattan refused to accept more than $250,000. On the union of the two crowns, at the opening of this century, Grattan took his seat in the Imperial Parliament, first for Malton, and afterward for Dublin; but, like most of these great orators, the change from College Green to St. Stephen's seemed fatal alike to his eloquence, his prestige, and his power. He died in London, June 4, 1820.
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Gratz
a city and capital of Styria, Austria, 141 miles S. S. W. of Vienna. It is a picturesque old town, built on both sides of the Mur. Of the former fortress, erected on a hill in the center of the town, and dismantled in 1809 by the French, two towers and other remains still exist. The town itself contains several old buildings, as the Late Gothic cathedral (1462), two other Gothic churches (one built in 1283), the ancient castle of the Styrian dukes, the Landhaus, where the nobles of the duchy held their meetings, the university, originally founded in 1586, an armory, palaces of the Styrian nobles, and four monasteries dating from the 16th and 17th centuries. There are also national archives, a cabinet of coins and antiquities, a technical school (Johanneum), and a botanic garden. Prior to the World War the most important of its many industries were the manufacture of machines, steel goods, rails and railway carriages, sugar, wine, perfumery, stearine candles, soap, etc. Fat capons, biscuits, and chocolate figured prominently as articles of trade. Gratz was a favorite place of residence for Austrian officials retired from service. The town is mentioned in the annals as early as 881. In 1481 it repulsed the Hungarians from its walls, and in 1532 the Turks. In 1797, and again in 1809, it was occupied by the French. Pop. about 152,000.
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