Gall (ST a canton in the E part)
ST., a canton in the E. part of Switzerland, occupying the 14th place in the Swiss Confederation. It has E. the Vorarlberg and Lichtenstein, from which it is separated by the Rhine, S. E. and S. the Grisons; W. the cantons Glarus, Schwyz, and Zurich, with its lake; and N. Thurgau and the Lake of Constance. Length, N. to S., about 40 miles; breadth varying from 11 to nearly 35 miles. Area, 779 square miles. Surface, greatly diversified. In the N. there is an inconsiderable portion of plain country; but the central and S. parts are almost wholly covered with Alpine ranges, the summits of some of which rise above the snow limits. Mt. Scheibe, at the S. W. extremity, is estimated to be 10,188 feet above sea-level. There are, however, several extensive and fertile valleys, as that of Toggenburg (watered by the Thur, 36 miles in length), those of the Rhine, and others noted for their wild and picturesque character. Next to the Rhine, the chief rivers are the Thur, Sitter, Serz, etc.ste Wallenesis Extensive forests principal lake. cover the S. portion of the canton. Soil, moderately fertile. Products, corn, maize, hemp, and flax, fruit, etc. Cattle and hog feeding is extensively carried on. Minerals, iron and coal. Mineral springs are numerous. St. Gall is one of the principal Swiss manufacturing cantons; its inhabitants are mostly employed in its manufactures of cotton fabrics, Chief thread, linens, glass, wax, etc. town St. Gall, the capital. Pop. 304,000.
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Gall (ST an Irish monk of the th)
ST., an Irish monk of the 6th and 7th centuries; born in Ireland, about 550. He was educated at the monastery of Bangor, accompanied St. Columba to France about 585, and took part with him in all his missionary labors. Banished from France, they went together into the wilder regions of Swit zerland, and near the Lake of Constance they founded the monastery which bore the name of St. Gall and gave name to the town and canton of St. Gall. After a few years Columba retired to Italy, leaving his companion abbot of the new house. The monastery was burnt by Hungarians in the 10th century. He died in St. Gall, Switzerland, about 645.
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Gall (ST capital of the above canton)
ST., capital of the above canton, situated on the Steinach, in a narrow and elevated valley, 7 miles S. W. of the Lake of Constance. It possesses a famous Benedictine abbey, which became the asylum of learning during the Dark and was one of the most celebrated schools in Europe between the 8th and 10th centuries; it now serves as the cathedral of the diocese. St. Gall is one of the chief manufacturing towns in the confederation; it has extensive manufactures of muslin, is the center of the Swiss trade in that fabric, and of gold and silver embroidery, besides cotton fabrics and yarn. Pop. about 75,000.
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Gall Bladder
a membranous sac, 3 or 4 inches long by 1½ inches broad, lodged obliquely in a fossa on the under surface of the right lobe of the liver. The neck, which is shaped like the letter S, bends downward and terminates in the cystic duct.
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Gallatin
ALBERT (gal'a-tin), an American financier; born in Geneva, Switzerland, Jan. 29, 1761. He was graduated at the university there in 1779. In 1780 he went to the United States, and for a time teacher of French in was Harvard College. In 1786 he removed to Pennsylvania, became a member of the State Legislature, and in 1793 he was elected to the United States Senate, but was declared ineligible. From 1795 to 1801 he served in the House of Representatives, and from 1801 to 1813 he was Secretary of the Treasury. He took an important part in the negotiations for peace with England in 1814, and signed the treaty of Ghent. From 1815 to 1823 he was minister at Paris, and in 1826 he was sent to London as ambassador extraordinary. On his return in 1827 he settled in New York, and devoted much of his time to literature, being chiefly occupied in historical and ethnological researches. He was one of the founders and the first president of the Ethnological Society of America; and from 1843 to his death he was president of the New York Historical Society. His works include publications on finance, politics, and ethnology; among these last are "The Indian Tribes East of the Rocky Mountains, etc." (1836), and "Notes on the Semi-Civilized Nations of Mexico, Yucatan, and Central America" (1845). He died Aug. 12, 1849.
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Gallaudet
EDWARD MINER (gal-a-det'), an American educator; born in Hartford, Conn., Feb. 5, 1837, son of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet; was graduated at Trinity College in 1856. He organized the Columbia Institute for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind in Washington, D. C., in 1857, and from it developed the Gallaudet College for the Deaf, in 1864, becoming its president. His publications include "Manual of International Law" (1879), and "Life of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet" (1888). He died in 1917. pear-shaped
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Galle
or FOINT DE GALLE (point de gäl), a fortified town and seaport of the S. W. extremity of the island of Ceylon, on a low rocky promontory of the same name. It has a good harbor, formed by a small bay. It has lost its former importance as a coaling and transhipping station for the great lines of steamers from Europe to Australia and China since the completion of the breakwater at Colombo. It is the capital of the S. province of Ceylon. Pop. about 40,000.
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Gallego
JUAN NICASIO (gäl-yā' gō), a Spanish lyric poet; born in Zamora, Spain, Dec. 14, 1777. He studied law, philosophy, and theology, at Salamanca; but began a poetical career on becoming intimate with Valdes, Quintana, and Cienfuegos. His political activity resulted in his imprisonment in 1814, and banishment for a short time subsequently. His "The Second of May" and an elegy on the death of Queen Isabella (1818), have attained particular celebrity. He served in the Spanish Cortes for some years. He died in Madrid, Jan. 9, 1853.
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Gallegos
a river of Patagonia entering the Atlantic Ocean opposite the Falkland Islands; lat. 51° 33 S., lon. 69° W. It is small but very rapid, and at its mouth or estuary the tide rises 46 feet.
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