Gray (ASA an American botanist born)
ASA, an American botanist; born in Paris, Oneida co., N. Y., Nov. 18, 1810. He took his degree of M. D. in 1831, but soon relinquished the pracand devoted himself to tice of medicine, and botany. In 1834 he received the appoint- He died in 1902. ment of botanist of the United States exploring expedition to the S. seas; but, as a long delay took place before it was ready to sail, he resigned his post in 1837. He was afterward elected Professor of Botany in the University of Michigan, but declined the appointment, and in 1842 became Fisher Professor of Natural History at Harvard. In 1873 he retired from the chair, but still retainel charge of the great herbarium he had presented to the university in 1864; and in 1874 he succeeded Agassiz as a regent of the Smithsonian Institution. He ranked among the leading botanists of his age, and became an influential supporter of the Darwinian theories of evo- "Flora of North lution. He wrote: America" (begun with Dr. Torrey, in 1838); "Flora of North Eastern America, Illustrated" (1848-1850); memoirs on the botanical results of several government exploring expeditions; a number of text-books; "A Free Examination of Darwin's Treatise" (1861); "Darwinia" (1876); and "Natural Science and Religion" (1880). He died in Cambridge, Mass., Jan. 30, 30, 1888.
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Gray (ELISHA an American inventor)
ELISHA, an American inventor; born in Barnesville, O., Aug. 2, 1835; was educated at Oberlin College. He designed a self-adjusting telegraph relay in 1867 and a little later invented the telegraphic switch and annunciator GRAY FRIARS. for hotels, the telegraphic repeater, the private telegraph line printer, etc. In 1876 he claimed the invention of the telephone, but after a notable contest the courts decided in favor of Alexander Graham Bell. In 1893 Professor Gray brought out his telautograph, by which five species, written messages could be transmitted north Europe over the telephone and the telegraph. ica. The He was the founder of the Gray Electric but local Company in Highland Park, Ill., and in sides are 1893 organized and was chairman of dusky streaks the Congress of Electricians at the by rows of World's Columbian Exposition. His publications include "Experimental Researches in Electro Harmonic Telegraphy and Telephony " (1878) and "Elementary Talks on Science." He died in Newtonville, Mass., Jan. 21, 1901. See BELL, ALEXANDER GRAHAM.
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Gray (HORACE an American jurist born)
HORACE, an American jurist; born in Boston, Mass., in 1829; was graduated at Harvard in 1845, and its law school in 1849; admitted to the bar in 1851; appointed reporter of the Massachusetts Supreme Court in 1854, and served till 1862; associate-justice of the Massachusetts 'Supreme Court, 1864- 1873, and chief-justice, 1873-1881, when he was appointed successor to Judge Clifford in the United States Supreme Court.
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Gray (THOMAS an English poet born)
THOMAS, an English poet; born in London, England, Dec. 26, 1716. He was educated at Eton, and Peter House, Cambridge, and entered at the Inner Temple, with a view of studying for the bar. Becoming intimate, however, with Horace Walpole, he accompanied him in his tour of Europe; but they parted at Reggio, and Gray returned to England in 1741. In 1747 his "Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College" appeared; and it was only in consequence of the printing of a surreptitious copy, that, in 1751, he published his "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard." He declined the office of laureate on Cibber's death, in 1757; and the same year published his odes "On the Progress of Poesy" and "The Bard." In 1768 the Duke of Grafton presented him with the Professorship of Modern History at Cambridge. He was a man of extensive acquirements in natural history, the study of ancient architecture, etc.; his correspondence places him among the best English epistolary writers. He died in Eton, England, July 30, 1771.
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Gray Fibers
in anatomy, pale gray fibers found with or without white ones in the sympathetic or other nerves; they were first discovered by Remak, and are often called after his name. See FRANCISCAN.
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Gray Owl
the tawny-owl of northern Europe and of North America.
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Gray's Peak
a peak in the Colorado range, in Colorado, and one est in the Rocky Mountains. Its height is 14,341 feet.
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Grayson
CARY American naval officer, born and Mary College and at the from the United States Naval School. He served as surgeon in the to Navy and acted as personal physician President Wilson. He was appointed rank of rear medical director with the admiral, in 1916. During the World War he was a member of many important Council of organizations, including the National Defense. He accompanied at the meet- President Wilson to Paris ings at the Peace Conference.
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Grease
in mineralogy, a term used in relation to luster; fat quartz has a greasy luster. In farriery, a swelling and inflammation of the legs of a horse, attended with the secretion of oily matter and cracks in the skin.
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Greasewood
a name applied to a number of thorny shrubs characteristic of strongly alkaline soils. The common greasewood of the west extends from the upper waters of the Missouri and the Platte rivers to the Gila, and westward to the Sierra Nevadas. It grows from four to eight feet high with a wealth of narrow leaves on the young branches. It is a companion of the salt sages, and thrives in soil too alkaline for wheat or alfalfa. A smaller form is found in the southwest from Texas to California. Greasewood is better than no vegetation. It relieves the barren aspect of a region, and its twigs afford some pasturage for cattle. See Wormwood ; Alkali
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Great Barrington
a town of Massachusetts, in Berkshire co. It is on the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad, and on the Housatonic . The town includes the villages river of Housatonic and Van Deusen. It is situated in the Berkshires and is notable It is a for its picturesque scenery. popular summer resort. It has public other libraries, several schools, and buildings. Its industries include public the manufacture of cotton, electrical appaper, etc. Pop. (1910) 5,926; paratus, the The boundaries of the (1920) 6,315.
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