Guava
gwa'va, a genus of shrubs and small tropical trees. The common or white guava is from seven to twenty feet in height, and bears smooth, yellow, pearshaped fruit, the size of a hen's egg. The rind is thin and crisp. The pulp is flesh colored, sweet, and aromatic, full of bony seeds. The rind is used for marmalade. Very excellent preserves are made of the pulp. The guava is cultivated in the East and in the West Indies .
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Guayaquil
a city and capital of Guayas province, Ecuador; in the valley of the Guayas, 30 miles above its mouth. Most of the houses are built of bamboo or wood and earth, and covered with creepers. The custom house is the most noteworthy of the public buildings, which include a cathedral and a townhall. In 1889 a statue to Bolivar was erected. The leading manufaccombined turing establishments are steam sawmills, foundries, and machine shops; and the place is noted for its straw hats and hammocks. Cocoa represents five-sixths of the exports, which include coffee, ivory nuts, rubber, hides and specie. The city has gas lights, street railways, and an improved waterworks system. It was founded by Ore- Ilana in 1537, and removed to its present site in 1693. Pop. (1919), 93,851.
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Guaymas
a well-sheltered port of Mexico, on the Gulf of California, the terminus of the Sonora railway (353 miles S. by W. of Benson, an Arizona station on the Southern Pacific railroad). It is a small place, excessively hot, surrounded by barren mountains, and mostly inhabited by Indian fishermen; but already it exports precious metals, wheat, flour, etc., in considerable quantities, and its trade is increasing.
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Gubbio
the ancient Iguvium or Eugubium, a city of central Italy, on the S. W. declivity of the Apennines, 20 miles N. N. E. of Perugia. It has a 13th century cathedral, several mediæval palaces, the Brancaleoni with a valuable picture-gallery, and remains of an ancient theater. The celebrated Eugubine Tables are preserved in the town house. Gubbio was noted for its majolica ware, which was brought to perfection by Giorgio Andreoli in 1517-1537, by his GUÉRIN delicate use of a beautiful ruby luster. Two celebrated yellow lusters were also used on Gubbio majolica.
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Guben
a town and riverport in the province of Brandenburg, Prussia, at the head of the navigable portion of the Neisse, 28 miles S. of Frankfort-on-the-Oder. The town was destroyed by the Hussites in 1434 and 1437, and was twice occupied by the Swedes during the Thirty Years' War. Pop. about 38,600.
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Guecubu
Among the Araucanians, a people of Chili, the Guecubu are evil spirits, who do all in their power to thawrt and annoy the Great spirit, Togin, and his ministers.
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Guelder-Rose
gel'der-roz, a cultivated variety of viburnum. It is related to the high bush cranberry and is not a rose at all. The white flowers are barren. Instead of forming flat cymes, the blossoms are collected in a large globose head or ball. It is called usually the snowball tree. It is hardy, and is planted in lawns and other places for ornamental purposes. When in flower it is a handsome plant. The foliage is also attractive.
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Guelders
a province of the Netherlands, between the Zuider Zee on the N. W. and the Prussian dominions on the S. E.; area, 1,965 square miles. It is watered chiefly by the Meuse, the Yssel, the Rhine, and the Waal. It was originally inhabited by the Batavi and Sigambri, and after them by the Franks. In 870 it passed to Germany; and in the end of the 11th century became a territorial power, its ruler bearing the title of count. This was exchanged for the higher title of duke in 1383, and in 1483 the duchy was taken possession of by Maximilian of Austria. Yet it was not till 1543 that the power of the Duke of Guelders was finally broken and his land definitely incorporated with the Austrian Netherlands. By the peace of 1814 Guelders was finally divided between Holland and Prussia. Pop. (1918) 727,165.
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Guelf
or GUELPH (gwelf), the name of a family, which in the 11th century was transplanted from Italy to Germany, where it became the ruling race of several countries. The family, until the World War, continued in the two lines of Brunswick, the royal in England, and the ducal in Germany. For their history, see GHIBELLINES.
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Guelfs and Ghibellines
gwelfs and gib'e-linz, in Italian history, the names of two great factions. During the Middle Ages the conflicts of these parties filled the pages of history. The names arose in Germany from rival contestants for the imperial dignity. In Italy the Guelfs were identified with the cause of the pope, that is to say, the church, and of the free or independent cities. The Ghibellines were the party of the emperor. Local tyranny, despotism, and villainy of the worst sort veiled themselves under either name. Local factions, cities, and dukes changed sides as might seem best calculated to promote their interest, but, on the whole, the Guelf name is identified with decentralization and local independence; the Ghibellines with imperial authority. A statement of the way the Italian cities were defeated in 1167 may be found in the Britannica. In 1334 Pope Benedict XII forbade the further use "of those once stirring names which had long been the rallying words of a sanguinary warfare."
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Guelph
a city, port of entry, and capital of Wellington co., Ontario; on the Speed river, 45 miles W. by S. of Toronto. It is the seat of the Ontario Agricultural College, and has several flour mills, woolen mills, and manufactories of sewing machines, the Speed supplying abundant motive power. Pop. about 15,200.
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Guerilla
an irregular mode of carrying on war by means of small, independent bands of armed men, self-constituted and ordered, unconnected with a regular a regular army, and entitled to dismiss themselves at any time. Guerilla warfare is mainly carried on in a country occupied by an enemy.
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Guerin
JULES, an American artist, born in St. Louis, in 1866. He studied art in Paris and was awarded the silver medal at the St. Louis Exposition in 1904. He was director of color and decoration at the Panama-Pacific Exposition. He painted decorations for the Lincoln Memorial at Washington, and for the Pennsylvania Station in New York City. He was an associate of the National Academy, and was a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters.
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