Gujranwala
chief town of Gujranwala district in the Punjab, India; 40 miles N. of Lahore. It was for a time the capital of the Sikh power, and Ranjit Singh was born here.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Single-source entries: G (87)
These 9 listings are so strange that each appears in only one of the 7 encyclopedias we compared. They include such classics as Gujranwala, Gulden, Gulf Stream.
Gulden
a silver coin of Austria-Hungary and also of Holland, worth about 40 cents; also called a florin. GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE, a W. inlet of the North Atlantic Ocean, touching all the British provinces of North Amer- ciously on fish. They breed on rocky ica, Newfoundland, Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. It has three communications with the ocean, the Strait of Belle Isle, between Newfoundland and Labrador; the Gulf of Canso, between the island of Cape Breton and the peninsula of Nova Scotia; and a far wider passage than either, with the island of St. Paul in the middle, between Cape Breton and Newfoundland; while in the opposite direction it narrows, at the W. end of Anticosti, into the estuary of the St. Lawrence river.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Guldenstubbe, Baron de
A famous mystic, who was one of the first in France to recognise the importance of spiritualistic phenomena. With the Comte d'Ourches, he held many experiments in table-turning, automatic writing, and so forth, and published a work entitled Practical Experimental Pneumatology or The Reality of Spirits and the Marvellous Phenomenon of their Direct Writing . (See article France and Circles.) 66 Guppy, Mrs.: Née Miss Nichol, a celebrated English medium wno began to exercies her powers about 1866. At that time she lived with Mrs. Sim, a sister of Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace, who was a frequent witness of her phenomena. Thereafter her mediumistic powers developed apace and the circle of her sitters grew as the manifestations became more ambitious. Raps were heard and apports of fruit and flowers conveyed to the séance-room. A. R. Wallace states that on one occasion the room and the table shook violently," and Miss Nichol herself was several times levitated-(See Levitation ). Soon after the formal commencement of her mediumship she married Mr. Samuel Guppy. In January, 1872 she gave a materialisation séance, the first serious attempt of the kind in this country, She and her husband were also instrumental in introducing spirit-photography (q.v.) into England . On the death of Mr. Guppy she was married a second time to Mr. W. Volckman.
Only in An Encyclopaedia of Occultism
Gulf Stream
a well-defined current in the Atlantic Ocean. As all ocean currents are so continuous as to be really but one current connected at the two ends, so that the movement of one part is the movement of all, the Gulf stream cannot strictly be said to begin anywhere. It is due to the reflux of the equatorial current. The condensation and superheating of the last-named current takes place mainly in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, whence arises the name Gulf stream. Its temperature there is about 50°. It emerges as a defined hot current through the Straits of direction Florida, and courses in a N. E. at a little distance from the coast of the United States, so affecting the Bermudas as to make their climate semi-tropical. Between these islands and Halifax the Gulf stream is about 60 miles broad, 100 fathoms deep, and moves at the rate of 3 knots an hour. It is of a deep blue color, in marked contrast to the dull reflux. The Gulf green of the Arctic stream moves in a N. E. direction toward Europe. It is generally believed to be through its influence that the W. coast of the European continent is so much milder than the corresponding latitudes of America.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Gulfport
a city of Mississippi, the -seat of Harrison co. on the county Mississippi Sound and on the Louisville and Nashville and the Gulf and Ship Island railroads. The city is a port of entry and has an excellent harbor, accessible to large vessels. It has an important trade in lumber, naval stores, cotton, etc. Its industries include fertilizer works, canning factories, and saw mills. Among the notable buildings are a United States custom house, Gulf Coast Military Academy, and a post office building. Pop. (1910) 6,386; (1920) 8,157.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Gum
in anatomy, the soft covering of the dental arches. The gums consist of a dense connective tissue, covered by a sealy and stratified epithelium.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Gum Arabic
a gum obtained from the Acacia arabica, which grows abundantly in India and Arabia. It is yielded also by A. speciosa in India, A. nilotica and A. seyal in Arabia, A. tortilis and A. A. ehrenbergiana in tropical Africa, mollissima and affinis supply a similar gum in Australia. Gum arabic can be obtained also from Vachellia farnesiana of India, a small tree closely allied to the true acacias; a gum akin to it is derived from Terminalia belerica, a Myrobalan. Gum arabic occurs in transparent white tears, which are often colored yellow or brown by impurities. It dissolves in water, and the solution gives a precipitate of arabin on the addition of hydrochloric acid. Gum arabic contains about 70 per cent. of arabin, 2C6H10O5+H2O, and 17 per cent. of water; the rest consists of potash and lime, which were combined with the arabin. Gum is insoluble in alcohol. By the action of nitric acid it is converted into mucic, saccharic, and oxalic acids. (gum'e-re), an American teacher and author; born in Burlington, N. J., March 6, 1855. He was instructor in Harvard College from 1881 to 1882; and in 1887 became Professor of English at Haverford College, Pa. Besides miscellaneous papers in Germanic philology and English literature, he has written: "The Anglo-Saxon Metaphor" (1881); "Handbook of Poetics" (1885); "Germanic Origins" (1892); "Old English Ballads" (1904); "The Popular Ballad" (1907).
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Gummere
FRANCIS BARTON GUNNERY, See GUN POWDER, AR- TILLERY, MACHINE GUN, RIFLE, ETC.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Gun Battery
in fortification, the emplacement of two or more pieces of artillery, destined to act on the offensive or defensive. It may be: En echarpe, having a line of fire oblique with the object. En revers, playing on the rear of the enemy. Crossfire, several batteries having a converging fire on an object. Casemate, when protected by a bomb-proof chamber, and firing from embrasures. Barbette, firing over a parapet. Ricochet (smooth bores only), when the balls, with a low charge, traverse the inner face of the enemy's work, and rebound and roll along the same. Mountain, light pieces adapted to be dismounted and, with their dislocated carriages, carried on mules. Some of these have been made in two pieces, which unscrew for ease in transport. In field-artillery, the tactical unit of field-artillery, consisting of six or eight field guns under one command, together with the officers, men, horses, wagons, and stores.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia