Hegel
GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH, a German metaphysician; born in Stuttgart, in 1770. He studied at the theological institute of Tübingen from 1788-1793, and was next a private tutor at Berne (1793-1796), and subsequently at Frankfort-on-the-Main (1797- 1800). Having removed to Jena, and contracted an intimacy with Schelling, he devoted himself to metaphysical study. After the battle of Jena, Hegel was employed on a newspaper at Bamberg till 1808. He was professor successively at Jena, Heidelberg, and Berlin. He was at first the disciple of Schelling, with whom he was associated in the conduct of a philosophical journal in 1802-1803. But his opinions gradually took a different turn. He rejected Schelling's intellectual intuition as an unwarrantable assumption, though he continued to maintain its leading idea-the unity of the subjective or ideal, and the objective or real; and in this idea endeavored to establish that absolute cognition and absolute truth, which alone, according to this school, can satisfy the demands of the philosophical spirit. Hegel seems not to have perfected his system; and as he had no power of exposition, or of lucid expression of his thoughts, it is impossible to give a clear view of his philosophy. His most important works are his "Phenomenology of the Mind"; "Logic"; and "Encyclopædia of Philosophical Sciences." He died in Berlin, in 1831.
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Hegira
he-ji'ra, an Arabic word meaning the flight or departure. More particularly it is the date of Mohammed's flight from the holy city of Mecca, 622 A. D. The Mohammedans reckon time from the hegira, as we do from the birth of Christ. Their dates begin 622 years behind ours. In order to change from one time to the other, it is necessary to make an additional allowance for the shortness of the Arabic year, which consists of lunar months. See Mohammed ; Calendar
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Heidelberg University
a renowned institution in Heidelberg, Germany. It was founded by the Elector Rupert I. in 1386, and continued to flourish till the period of the Thirty Years' War, when it began to decline. In 1802, however, when the town with the surrounding territory was assigned to the Grand-duke of Baden, a new era commenced for the university, and it rapidly became famous. It comprises faculties of theology, law, medicine, and philosophy. In 1914 there were 196 professors and instructors, over 2,300 students, and 500,000 volumes and 4,700 MSS. in its library. Many of the most famous German scholars have been professors here-Reuchlin, Ecolampadius, Spanheim, Puffendorf, Gervinus, Paulus, Kuno Fischer, Helmholtz, Bunsen, Blüntschli, etc.
a coeducational institution in Tiffin, O.; founded in 1850 under the auspices of the Reformed Church in the United States; reported reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 25; students, 25; 331; president, C. E. Miller, D. D.
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Heifetz
JASCHA, a Russian violinist, born at Vilna, Russia, in 1901. He began studying the violin at the age of 3, and at 5 years of age entered the Royal School of Music at Vilna. He continued to study at St. Petersburg and made his first public appearance at the age of 5. At 9 years of age he gave a recital in St. Petersburg and was engaged for solo work with the Symphony Orchestra. He later appeared in the leading cities of Germany, Austria, and Russia. He made his first appearance in New York on October 27, 1917. He at once gained recognition as a master of the violin. He made frequent tours throughout the United States in the years following.
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Height
or Stature, the distance between the sole of the foot and the crown of the head. The following table of the average height of adult males for different peoples and nationalities is compiled from a report made to the British Association in 1883. The average stature for the table is 65.25 inches. Men get their full growth at twenty-three years, women at twenty. At thirty months the child has half the height of the adult. Inches. Polynesians 69.33 Patagonians 69.00 Negroes of the Congo 69.00 Scotch 68.71 Iroquois Indians 68.28 Irish 67.90 Americans 67.67 English 67.68 Norwegians 67.66 Zulus 67.19 Welsh 66.66 Danes 66.65 Dutch 66.62 American negroes 66.62 Hungarians 66.58 Germans 66.54 Swiss 66.43 Belgians 66.38 French 66.23 Berbers 66.10 Arabs 66.08 Russians 66.04 Italians 66.00 Spaniards 65.66 Eskimos 65.10 Papuans 64.78 Hindus 64.76 Chinese 64.17 Poles 63.87 Finns 63.60 Japanese 63.11 Peruvians 63.00 Malays 62.34 Lapps 59.20 Bosjesmans 52.78 See Giant ; Dwarfs; Pygmy ; Weight
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Heilbronn
a town of Württemberg, situated on the right bank of the Neckar. The streets of the old medieval town are narrow, and the houses have quaintly ornamented gable-ends and tapering pinnacles. The church of St. Kilian, partly Gothic and partly Renaissance ; the old town hall; the Diebsthurm ("Thief's Tower"), in which Götz von Berlichingen was confined; and the house of the Teutonic Knights, now a barrack, are the principal buildings. The chief industries include the manufacture of silver plate, paper, sugar, salt, chicory , and chemicals, and there are iron and other metal foundries and machine shops. Fruit and wine are largely grown. Commercially the importance of Heilbronn depends on its trade in groceries, corn , and wood, and on its fairs for cattle, leather, wool, and fruit. In the vicinity gypsum and sandstone are quarried . Heilbronn is first mentioned in 741; in 1360 it became an imperial town; it suffered during the Peasants' War and the Thirty Years' War, and in 1802 it fell into the hands of Württemberg. Pop. about 43,000.
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Heimskringla
a history of the Norse kings written by the Icelandic Snorre Sturluson. It receives its name, which means "the circle of the world," from the first words of the manuscript. It begins with the earliest mythical times and closes with the battle of Re in 1177. It describes the establishment of the kingdoms of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark; gives accounts of the Viking expeditions; of the discovery of Iceland, Greenland, and America; and of the conquests of England and Normandy. The first part of the Heimskringla is, of course, traditional; the last part is regarded as authentic history. Both for its historical value and as a work of literature, it is the most important prose work in Old Norse literature. It includes every species of saga composition.
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