Haydn, Joseph
ha'dn, Joseph (1732-1809), an Austrian musician. He was born on the borders of Hungary and died at Vienna. He received his early education at Hamburg. At eight he was received into the boy choir of St. Stephen's Cathedral at Vienna. At sixteen his voice changed, and he was thrown upon the world for himself. He came under the influence of Bach's music, to which, as he himself stated, he owed the inspiration of his life. He gave music lessons and attracted the attention of some of the leading musicians of the city. Later he obtained a position as an organist, and life went on more easily thenceforward. In 1761 Haydn was appointed chapel master, or musical director, by Prince Esterhazy, a position which he retained for thirty years. Haydn was one of the world's great musical composers. A complete list of his works has never been compiled. Nearly 400 pieces are known. In 1790 he was received in London with great enthusiasm. His greatest composition is an oratorio, The Creation, the words to which are a translation into German from Milton's Paradise Lost . While listening one evening to the storm of applause that followed a rendering of his Creation, Haydn was seized with faintness and was carried from the theater in a large chair. As he turned from the audience, tears streaming from his eyes, he held out his hands as if to bless the orchestra. This was his last appearance in public. See Bach
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Haydon
BENJAMIN ROBERT, an English historical painter; born in 1786. He produced many pictures of merit; among them the "Judgment of Solomon"; "Christ's Entry Into Jerusalem"; "The Raising of Lazarus"; "The Mock Election in the King's Bench"; "Napoleon at St. Helena"; "Alexander and Bucephalus"; "Alfred and the Trial by Jury"; "Uriel and Satan"; "The Burning of Rome"; etc. He died in 1846.
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Hayes (II)
RUTHERFORD BIRCH-eral with his administration was mingled with much criticism, especially as to his attitude relative to the employment of military force at elections, and for his appointment to office of members of the Louisiana returning boards. On his retirement he served on the boards of various benevolent societies and educational institutions, and was honored with degrees from Kenyon College, Harvard, Yale, and Johns Hopkins. He died in Fremont, O., Jan. 17, 1893.
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Hayes River
or HILL RIVER, a river of British North America, rising near Lake Winnipeg, and flowing N. E. through lakes Holy, Knee, and Swampy, enters James Bay at York. Length , about 300 miles.
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Hayes, Rutherford Birchard
Rutherford Birchard (1822-1893), the nineteenth president of the United States . He was born at Delaware, Ohio, and died at Fremont in the same state. He was graduated at Kenyon College in the class of 1842. He studied law at Harvard and practiced at Marietta and Cincinnati. At the outbreak of the Civil War he entered the service as captain of a Cincinnati company and rose to be a major-general. At the close of the war he shared the political good fortune that be-fell many soldiers. He was sent to Congress in 1864 and was elected governor in 1867. He was reelected in 1869 and again in 1875. His ability to carry Ohio, then regarded as a doubtful state, led to his nomination for the presidency by the Republicans in 1876. His Democratic opponent, Samuel J. Tilden, received the greater number of popular votes, but Hayes was seated by the Electoral Commission . As president, Hayes stood for the withdrawal of troops from the South, for a gold standard, and for civil service reform. While not a great man, President Hayes was eminently worthy of respect. He took an active part in the educational and charitable movements of his native state. See Electoral Commission
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Hays
WILL H., an American public official; born in Sullivan, Ind., in 1879. He graduated from Wabash College in 1900, and in the same year was admitted to the bar. From 1910 to 1913 he was city attorney of Sullivan, Ind. He entered politics early in life and from 1904 to 1908 was a member of the Republican State Advisory Committee from Indiana. In the campaigns of 1906 and 1908 he was chairman of the Speakers' Bureau of the Republican State Committee. He served in other capacities in the State Committee, from 1910 to 1914. In 1917-1918 he was chairman of the Indiana State Council of Defense. He was appointed chairman of the Republican National Committee in February, 1918. In this capacity he did much toward uniting the Progressive and regular elements of the Republican party, and thus brought about a unified party in the campaign of 1920. He was a warm friend of President Roosevelt, and also of President Harding, who appointed him Postmaster-General in his cabinet.
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Hazel
a shrub or small tree belonging to the cupbearing family, which includes the oak, the chestnut, and other trees whose nuts are borne in cups. The drooping catkins furnish pollen. The pistils may be seen in early spring when pollen is falling. Look for them on the ends of little branchlets. We have two hazelnuts in the east, the American and the beaked. The bracts, or cup, of the latter are prolonged beyond the nut into a bristly beak from a third of an inch to an inch in length. The nut is also more pointed. A shorter beaked hazel grows also on the Pacific coast. There are eleven kinds in all. Filberts are European hazelnuts reared in plantations and shipped to this country. Promising attempts have been made to raise filberts in California. London buys a half a million dollars worth of filberts a year. See Nuts
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Hazel Tree
The Hazel was dedicated to the god Thor, and, in the Roman Catholic Church, was esteemed a plant of great virtue for the cure of fevers. When used as a divining rod , the rod, if it were cut on St. John's Day or Good Friday , would be certain to be a successful instrument of divination. A hazel rod was a badge of authority, and it was probably this notion which caused it to be made use of by schoolmasters. Among the Romans, a hazel rod was also a symbol of authority.
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